Anterior Cerebral Artery Segments Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery?

  • It carries blood to the occipital lobe.
  • It supplies the lateral aspects of the brain.
  • It provides a connection with the contralateral ACA. (correct)
  • It branches off to supply the brainstem.

    • What anatomical structure does the anterior cerebral artery course along as it travels towards its terminal branches?

  • Superior border of the corpus callosum (correct)
  • Inferior border of the corpus callosum
  • Lateral aspect of the lateral ventricle
  • Posterior border of the thalamus

    • Which artery does the A2 segment help to supply after the anterior communicating artery?

  • Posterior cerebral artery
  • Callosomarginal artery (correct)
  • Medial striate artery
  • Ophthalmic artery

    • What happens if the A1 segment is absent on one side of the brain?

    <p>The medial brain's supply is compromised and comes from the contralateral side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following branches is NOT associated with the A2 segment?

    <p>Parietooccipital artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment of the anterior cerebral artery runs posteriorly to the genu of the corpus callosum?

    <p>A2 segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the anterior communicating artery is accurate?

    <p>It connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key roles of the A4 segment of the anterior cerebral artery?

    <p>It provides blood to the precuneate area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function associated with the artery of the precentral sulcus?

    <p>Supplies the primary motor cortex for head, upper extremity, and trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery primarily supplies the anterior aspect of the inferior and middle frontal gyri?

    <p>Prefrontal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area does the angular artery primarily serve?

    <p>Angular and supramarginal gyri of the parietal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Broca’s area located in relation to the artery of the precentral sulcus?

    <p>Posterior aspect of the inferior and middle frontal gyri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main area served by the artery of the postcentral sulcus?

    <p>Postcentral gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lateral frontobasal artery primarily supply?

    <p>The frontal lobe and inferior frontal gyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is primarily associated with the primary auditory cortex?

    <p>Middle temporal branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the artery of central?

    <p>Supplies pre- and postcentral gyri</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is associated with anteromedial-inferior thalamic syndrome?

    <p>Hemiballismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area is primarily affected in the case of cortical PCA occlusion?

    <p>Calcarine area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anton Syndrome is characterized by which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Denial of blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may result from a bilateral PCA occlusion?

    <p>Cortical blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aphasia is typically associated with MCA inferior division infarction?

    <p>Wernicke’s aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infarction could lead to symptoms indicative of 'Top of the basilar syndrome'?

    <p>MCA inferior division infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual symptom is commonly observed in patients with homonymous hemianopia?

    <p>Loss of vision in one visual field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of occlusion primarily affects the thalamus area?

    <p>Proximal PCA occlusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary artery that the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) branches from?

    <p>Basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerves are ventrally related to the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)?

    <p>CN VI, CN VII, CN VIII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area does the Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA) primarily supply?

    <p>Superior aspect of the cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is involved in anastomosing with the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA)?

    <p>Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where does the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) arise?

    <p>Terminal part of the basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is supplied by the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)?

    <p>Inferomedial surface of the temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure does the Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA) travel around?

    <p>Cerebral peduncles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is a branch of the vertebral artery?

    <p>Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the course of the MCA's Opercular segment with respect to the circular sulcus of the insula?

    <p>Ascends from the circular sulcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment of the vertebral arteries is characterized by ascending from C6 to C2?

    <p>V2 (Intraforaminal) segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary supply area of the ascending vertebral arteries?

    <p>Upper part of the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure does the V3 (Extradural/Atlantic) segment pass through when entering the skull?

    <p>Foramen magnum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what level does the vertebral artery join with the opposite side to form the basilar artery?

    <p>At the level of the lower border of the pons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the direction of the V2 segment as it ascends?

    <p>Vertically and anteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The MCA traverses which anatomical landmark along its course?

    <p>Inner surface of the lateral sulcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is found between the medulla and pons concerning the V3 segment?

    <p>Basilar artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) Segments

    • A1 (Precommunicating) segment connects the terminal ICA bifurcation to the anterior communicating artery (Acomm).
    • Located superior to the optic nerve and optic chiasm; anastomoses with the contralateral ACA via Acomm.
    • In absence of the A1 segment on one side, medial brain supply relies on the contralateral side.
    • A2 (Infracallosal/Postcommunicating) segment extends from Acomm to the genu of the corpus callosum.
    • Important branches from A2 include:
      • Orbitofrontal branches, supplying the olfactory cortex and related structures.
      • Frontopolar artery and lateral frontobasal artery offer supply to frontal lobe regions.
    • A4 (Supracallosal) segment runs from the body of the corpus callosum to the coronal suture; includes the precuneate artery.

    Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Segments

    • M3 (Opercular) segment ascends from the insula, traveling over the inner surfaces of parietal and temporal lobes.
    • M4 (Terminal/Cortical) segment emerges through the Sylvian fissure, covering the cerebral hemisphere's surface.
    • M4 branches provide critical supplies to motor and sensory areas:
      • Artery of precentral sulcus supplies Broca’s area & primary motor cortex.
      • Angular artery supplies angular and supramarginal gyri in the parietal lobe.

    Posterior Circulation Overview

    • Begins with the vertebral arteries, branches of the subclavian artery, ascending through the cervical spine.
    • V1 (Cervical) segment runs from the subclavian origin to the transverse process of C6.
    • V2 (Intraforaminal) segment ascends vertically from C6 to C2, entering the skull at the foramen magnum.
    • V3 (Extradural/Atlantic) segment passes medially and posteriorly to join the basilar artery at the lower border of the pons.

    Cerebellar Arteries

    • Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) branches from the basilar artery, supplying the inferior cerebellum.
    • Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA) arises from the terminal basilar artery, supplying the superior aspect of the cerebellum and adjacent structures.
    • Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA) branch from the basilar artery providing blood to the occipital lobe and inferomedial parts of the temporal lobe.

    Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) Syndromes

    • Proximal PCA occlusion affects thalamus areas, potentially leading to syndromes such as hemiballismus.
    • Cortical PCA occlusion can cause homonymous hemianopia, especially affecting the P4 segment.
    • Bilateral PCA occlusion may result in cortical blindness and visual hallucinations, known as Anton Syndrome.
    • MCA inferior division infarction affects lateral temporal and inferior parietal lobes, potentially causing Wernicke’s aphasia and visual neglect.

    Key Takeaways

    • ACA and MCA segments play critical roles in supplying medial and lateral brain structures, respectively.
    • Specific artery branches have designated roles in supplying functional brain areas, critical for motor, sensory, and cognitive functions.
    • Understanding arterial territories is essential for diagnosing and managing cerebrovascular accidents.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy and function of the Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) segments, focusing on the A1 segment. It explains key anatomical relationships, including its position relative to the optic nerve and chiasm, and its connections with the contralateral ACA.

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