Antarctica: Geography and Climate

What is the name of the active volcano found on Ross Island in Antarctica?

Approximately how old is Mount Erebus?

What is the primary purpose of the Antarctic Treaty of 1961?

Which of the following describes Antarctica's status regarding human habitation?

What adaptation helps penguins survive in Antarctica's cold climate?

What date is observed as World Penguin Day?

What is the approximate average annual temperature in Antarctica?

Which explorer is credited with being the first to reach the South Pole?

In what hemisphere is Antarctica located?

What type of precipitation mainly occurs in Antarctica?

Which of these oceans does NOT surround Antarctica?

What is the primary purpose of research stations in Antarctica?

What is the name given to the waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans beyond the Antarctic Circle?

Under the Antarctic Treaty, what is Antarctica primarily designated for?

Which part of Antarctica constitutes only 5% of the continent's total surface area?

What causes the low rainfall in Antarctica?

What is a characteristic of the Antarctic Ice Sheet?

Which of the following describes East Antarctica?

Which mountain range separates East and West Antarctica?

What is a key feature of West Antarctica?

What is the name of the longest river in Antarctica?

Why is Antarctica so cold?

What does the term 'albedo' refer to in the context of Antarctica?

Which of these seas surrounds Antarctica?

What are the sharp, wave-like grooves or ridges formed by strong winds on the ice plateau of East Antarctica called?

Considering the Antarctic Treaty of 1961's aims, which activity would be permitted?

How might the discovery of Mount Erebus's volcanic ash in areas distant from the volcano impact scientific understanding of Antarctica?

Given the physical adaptations of penguins, what ecological advantage do solid bones provide in their Antarctic habitat?

If a new scientific study revealed a previously unknown species of moss thriving in an area of Antarctica with geothermal activity beneath the ice, what would be a logical conclusion?

Considering Antarctica's designation as a 'Human Void Zone', what implication does this have for environmental conservation efforts?

Given that India maintains multiple research stations in Antarctica, what strategic advantage does this offer in terms of scientific exploration?

Why is Antarctica considered a desert, despite being covered in ice?

What is the key factor that differentiates the climate of the edges of Antarctica from its interior?

How does the high altitude of the Antarctic landmass contribute to its low temperatures?

What evidence supports the theory that Tasmania and Antarctica were once part of the same landmass?

Why are the dry valleys, located within the Transantarctic Mountains, significant?

What effect does Antarctica's high albedo have on its climate?

How do ice shelves contribute to the overall size of the Antarctic Ice Sheet?

What is suggested by presence of sub-glacial lakes in Antarctica, such as Lake Vostok?

How do katabatic winds contribute to the dryness of Antarctica?

What is the significance of the Antarctic Peninsula being the warmest part of Antarctica?

Which of these factors contributes most to Antarctica's extremely dry climate?

How does the Antarctic Treaty System ensure that Antarctica remains a zone of peace?

Why is temperature data predominantly collected at ground level in Antarctica?

How does the geography of Antarctica influence its climate differently in East and West Antarctica?

What is the most significant implication of the absence of a native population in Antarctica?

Which option describes the combined impact of the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current on Antarctica?

Why is measuring precipitation in Antarctica challenging, and how does this affect climate models?

How does the distribution of research stations across Antarctica contribute to our understanding of the continent?

Given its unique status, what challenges does Antarctica face in terms of environmental protection and resource management?

Mount Erebus is located on the east side of Antarctica.

Mount Erebus was created by volcanic eruptions through the Ross Ice Shelf.

The Antarctic Treaty of 1961 allows for military activity in Antarctica.

Less than 50% of Antarctica is covered by a thick sheet of ice.

Humans live permanently throughout Antarctica.

Penguins do not have predators that can live in the brutally cold climate of Antarctica.

Antarctica is the largest continent on Earth.

The explorer Roald Amundsen was the first person to reach the South Pole.

The continent of Antarctica is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.

The waters surrounding Antarctica are known as the Southern Ocean.

West Antarctica constitutes 55 per cent of the continent's total surface area.

The Antarctic Treaty specifies that Antarctica shall be used for peaceful purposes only.

The coldest land temperataure recorded on Earth, -89.2°C, was recorded in Australia.

Antarctica is home to animals such as penguins and seals that are suited to very cold climates.

The average annual temperature in Antarctica is around 50°C.

Antarctica experiences strong winds up to 200 miles per hour.

Katabatic winds contribute to the low rainfall in Antarctica.

The Dry Valleys of Antarctica have not received rain for approximately 2 million years.

The longest river in Antarctica, the Onyx River, is about 400 kilometers long.

The North and South Poles receive approximately the same amount of sunlight annually.

A high albedo means that a surface absorbs most of the sunlight it receives.

East Antarctica is also known as Lesser Antarctica.

The Antarctic Peninsula is the part of Antarctica closest to Australia.

The Antarctic Ice Sheet is smallest in the summer and largest in the winter.

Lake Baikal is the largest sub-glacial lake in Antarctica.

Antarctica's territorial claims by various nations are fully enforced under international law.

The lowest land temperature ever recorded on Earth, at -89.2°C, was recorded at ground level at the Soviet Vostok Station in Antarctica in 1973.

East Antarctica is smaller in surface area compared to West Antarctica.

The Antarctic Treaty, initially signed in 1961, exclusively permits military activities on the continent for national defense purposes.

The average annual temperature for the entire continent of Antarctica remains consistently above -30°C.

Roald Amundsen was the first explorer to successfully reach the South Pole in 1911.

Antarctica is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere, surrounding the North Pole, and lies completely within the Antarctic Circle.

The Southern Ocean consists of the waters surrounding Antarctica, including the southernmost portions of the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean.

Precipitation levels are uniform across Antarctica, with an average of 200 millimetres of snowfall annually, regardless of the region.

The Antarctic Treaty of 1961 permits countries to use the area south of 60°S latitude for military exercises, as long as they don't involve nuclear weapons.

Mount Erebus is characterized by explosive eruptions that initially breached the 70 meters thick Ross Ice Shelf during its formation.

The presence of ash from Mount Erebus found in distant parts of Antarctica indicates consistently large, frequent eruptions rather than occasional events.

Penguins evolved approximately 40 to 50 million years ago and developed hollow bones to aid in swimming and diving in Antarctic waters.

Greater Antarctica's age, determined from tests on the Precambrian Shield, is estimated to be more than 570 million years, showcasing the continent's ancient geological history.

Due to the extreme cold and dry climate, the Antarctic continent is entirely barren, with no plant life capable of surviving in its harsh conditions.

Katabatic winds contribute to the low rainfall in Antarctica by transporting moisture-laden air masses from the ocean inland.

The Arctic and Antarctic regions receive approximately the same amount of sunlight annually, but the South Pole experiences significantly warmer temperatures due to ocean currents.

A high albedo, which signifies a surface's ability to reflect sunlight, causes Antarctica to absorb a larger proportion of the sun's energy, leading to surface warming.

The temperature in Antarctica increases by approximately 1°C for every 100 meters increase in altitude, because of the greenhouse effect.

East Antarctica is characterized by its relatively young geological formations and high volcanic activity, distinguishing it from the more stable West Antarctica.

The Antarctic Peninsula, known for being the coldest part of the continent, attracts fewer cruise ships due to its harsh and inaccessible environment.

The combined area of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is approximately twice the size of Russia, making it the largest single mass of ice on Earth.

Lake Vostok, located 4 km below the Antarctic ice sheet, is well-suited for recreational boating activities due to its calm waters and accessibility.

The Transantarctic Mountains, shorter than the European Alps, play a minimal role in influencing the ice dynamics of Antarctica.

Vinson Massif, while relatively easy to climb, faces accessibility challenges due to its isolation and the prevalence of moderate weather conditions.

Mount ______ is located on Ross Island in the Ross Sea in West Antarctica.

Mount Erebus has a permanent lake of ______ in its crater.

The Antarctic Treaty was established in ______.

Antarctica is also known as a Human ______ Zone due to the lack of permanent human settlement.

______ are primary inhabitants of Antarctica, well-adapted to the cold climate.

About 98 per cent of Antarctica is covered by a thick sheet of ______.

The longest river in Antarctica is the ______ River.

Both the Arctic and Antarctic regions are cold because they don't get any direct ______.

The surface of Antarctica has a high ______, which reflects sunlight back into space.

East Antarctica is also known as Greater ______.

The ______ is the fifth largest continent.

West Antarctica is also known as Lesser ______ because it is smaller than East Antarctica.

There are no permanent human ______ in Antarctica.

Many cruise ships visit the Antarctic ______, which is the warmest part of Antarctica.

The coldest land temperature recorded on Earth was in Antarctica at -89.2°______.

The Antarctic Ice Sheet extends to almost 14 million square ______.

Lake ______ is the largest sub-glacial lake in Antarctica.

[Blank] was the first person to reach the South Pole.

The ______ Mountains separate East Antarctica from West Antarctica.

Antarctica is located entirely in the ______ Hemisphere.

The ______ Treaty specifies that 'Antarctica shall be used for peaceful purposes only'.

[Blank] Massif is the highest point in Antarctica.

Antarctica has no native ______ or government.

The average annual temperature in Antarctica is around -50°______.

Precipitation in Antarctica always falls as ______.

Mount Erebus, located on Ross Island in West Antarctica, was formed by volcanic eruptions through the 700 meters thick ______ Ice Shelf.

The flat top of Mount Erebus was created when the summit buckled, forming a hole, that then filled with lava creating a ______ of molten lava.

The Antarctic Treaty of 1961 designates the area south of 60°S latitude cannot be used for military purposes or radioactive waste disposal, but only for peaceful ______.

Antarctica is also known as a Human ______ Zone, primarily because permanent human settlements are absent due to the harsh climate and environmental conditions.

Penguins' wings have evolved over the centuries to resemble ______ or paddles, aiding their swimming and diving abilities in the cold Antarctic waters.

India has established three research facilities in Antarctica: Dakshin Gangotri which is now a supply base, and ______ and Bharati, which are active research stations.

The coldest land temperature recorded on Earth was in Antarctica at ______ °C.

The ______ Treaty, signed by forty-five nations, dictates that Antarctica shall be used only for peaceful purposes.

Unlike other continents, Antarctica has no ______ population or government of its own.

[Blank] was the first explorer to reach the South Pole in 1911.

Although several countries claim parts of Antarctica, these claims are not recognized by the international community and cannot be enforced due to the ______ Treaty.

The waters surrounding Antarctica, which are parts of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, are collectively called the ______ Ocean.

The eastern part of Antarctica, known as ______, faces the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

The average annual temperature in Antarctica is approximately ______ °C, demonstrating its extreme cold climate.

West Antarctica is characterized by the Antarctic Peninsula and two large ice shelves known as the ______ and Ronne.

The low rainfall in Antarctica is partly due to ______ winds, which rush down the sides of mountains.

The ______ River, though the longest in Antarctica, is only about 40 kilometers long.

The high ______ of Antarctica's surface means that a lot of the energy and sunlight received from the sun is reflected back into space.

Because oceans store heat leading to milder temperatures and increased rainfall, only the ______ of Antarctica experience this effect due to the continent's large landmass.

[Blank] Antarctica, also known as Greater Antarctica, constitutes two-thirds of the continent's land area and is its oldest part.

The ______ Peninsula is the warmest part of Antarctica, closest to South America, and a common destination for cruise ships.

The Antarctic Ice Sheet can grow from about 3 million square kilometers in the summer to about 19 million square kilometers in the ______.

Lake ______, the largest of Antarctica's sub-glacial lakes, lies 4 km below the continental ice sheet and has been sealed from air and light for millions of years.

The ______ Mountains stretch across the entire continent, separating East Antarctica from West Antarctica, and contain rocks similar to those in Tasmania.

[Blank] Massif, located in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, stands as the highest point in Antarctica at 4,892 meters.

Which hemisphere is Antarctica located in?

What is the name of the treaty that governs Antarctica?

What is the average annual temperature in Antarctica?

What is the name of the ocean surrounding Antarctica?

What is the recorded coldest temperature in Antarctica?

Name one animal that lives in Antarctica.

What is the name of the explorer who first reached the South Pole?

Is there a native population in Antarctica?

In what year the Antarctic Treaty was first signed?

What is the name of the famous volcano located in Antarctica?

What is the name of the international agreement that protects Antarctica?

What type of zone is Antarctica also known as, due to the absence of permanent human settlement?

Name one of the hardy plants that can be found along the coast and on the Antarctic Peninsula.

What primary inhabitants of Antarctica are known for their oily feathers and thick layer of fat?

What is the name given to winds that rush down the sides of mountains, contributing to low rainfall in Antarctica?

What is the term for the percentage of incoming sunlight reflected by a surface, contributing to Antarctica's cold temperatures?

Name one of the seas that surround the continent of Antarctica.

What is the name describing the sharp, wave-like grooves or ridges formed by strong winds on the ice plateau in East Antarctica?

Which part of Antarctica is closest to South America?

What is the name of the largest sub-glacial lake in Antarctica?

What mountain range separates East Antarctica from West Antarctica?

What is the name of the highest point in Antarctica?

What is the name of the part of Antarctica also known as Greater Antarctica?

Explain how the Antarctic Treaty of 1961 protects Antarctica. Include two specific provisions from the treaty in your explanation.

Describe the formation of the lava lake in Mount Erebus's caldera.

Why are penguins considered the primary inhabitants of Antarctica, and what evolutionary adaptations have allowed them to thrive in this environment?

Explain why Antarctica is known as a 'Human Void Zone'.

How do the solid bones of penguins aid in their survival in Antarctica?

Describe the purpose and function of the research stations in Antarctica.

Besides research, what makes Antarctica unique in terms of population and governance?

How does the Antarctic Treaty influence the territorial claims made by several countries on Antarctica?

Describe the key difference in climate between the coastal and interior mountainous regions of Antarctica.

Explain how the waters surrounding Antarctica are geographically defined, and what they are collectively known as.

Identify the explorer credited with first reaching the South Pole and provide the year of this achievement.

In what ways does the Antarctic Treaty System ensure that Antarctica remains a place of international cooperation and peace?

How do ice shelves such as the Ross and Ronne, influence the geography of West Antarctica?

Describe the conditions that led to the record of the lowest recorded temperature on Earth, specifiying location and year.

What are the major differences between East and West Antarctica in terms of geography and which oceans border East Antarctica?

Explain how Antarctica's high albedo contributes to its extreme cold temperatures.

Describe the role of katabatic winds in contributing to low rainfall in some parts of Antarctica.

Compare and contrast the general geological stability of East Antarctica and West Antarctica.

Explain why the Antarctic Peninsula is considered the warmest part of Antarctica.

Describe how the Transantarctic Mountains influence the ice sheets of East Antarctica.

Discuss the significance of Lake Vostok in the context of Antarctica's sub-glacial environment.

Explain how Antarctica's location around the geomagnetic South Pole contributes to its unique climatic conditions.

Describe what Sastrugi are and how they are formed.

Explain why, despite receiving the same amount of sunlight, the South Pole is much colder than the North Pole?

What evidence suggests that Tasmania and Antarctica were once part of the same landmass?