Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which antacid may cause constipation as a side effect?
Which antacid may cause constipation as a side effect?
What potential problem can arise from the absorption of Sodium Bicarbonate?
What potential problem can arise from the absorption of Sodium Bicarbonate?
Which antacid is generally recommended to avoid in patients with hypercalcaemia?
Which antacid is generally recommended to avoid in patients with hypercalcaemia?
What is the primary action of Magnesium Hydroxide in the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the primary action of Magnesium Hydroxide in the gastrointestinal tract?
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Prolonged use of Magnesium Trisilicate might lead to which of the following conditions?
Prolonged use of Magnesium Trisilicate might lead to which of the following conditions?
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Which of the following antacids acts rapidly and can raise the pH to 7.4?
Which of the following antacids acts rapidly and can raise the pH to 7.4?
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What possible interaction should be considered when taking antacids with other medications?
What possible interaction should be considered when taking antacids with other medications?
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Which antacid should be used with caution in patients with chronic kidney disease due to potential for encephalopathy?
Which antacid should be used with caution in patients with chronic kidney disease due to potential for encephalopathy?
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What is the primary mechanism by which alginates help prevent acid reflux?
What is the primary mechanism by which alginates help prevent acid reflux?
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Which condition is NOT effectively treated by antacids?
Which condition is NOT effectively treated by antacids?
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What side effect is commonly associated with antacid use?
What side effect is commonly associated with antacid use?
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How does the solubility of aluminum change in relation to pH levels?
How does the solubility of aluminum change in relation to pH levels?
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Which antacid component is known to prevent the formation of gases?
Which antacid component is known to prevent the formation of gases?
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Why should some antacids be avoided in patients with hypertension?
Why should some antacids be avoided in patients with hypertension?
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Which antacid reaction involves an important calcium compound?
Which antacid reaction involves an important calcium compound?
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During treatment of GORD, what is the duration of the rapid relief provided by antacids?
During treatment of GORD, what is the duration of the rapid relief provided by antacids?
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What is the primary clinical use of antacids?
What is the primary clinical use of antacids?
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What pH level must an antacid achieve in a solution to effectively neutralize gastric acid?
What pH level must an antacid achieve in a solution to effectively neutralize gastric acid?
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Which of the following mechanisms describes how antacids work?
Which of the following mechanisms describes how antacids work?
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Which antacid compound is classified as a mild and slow-acting option?
Which antacid compound is classified as a mild and slow-acting option?
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Which side effect is most likely associated with the use of antacids containing magnesium?
Which side effect is most likely associated with the use of antacids containing magnesium?
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What interaction should be considered when taking antacids with other medications?
What interaction should be considered when taking antacids with other medications?
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Which cation is commonly used as an active ingredient in antacids?
Which cation is commonly used as an active ingredient in antacids?
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What is the significance of an antacid's acid neutralizing capacity?
What is the significance of an antacid's acid neutralizing capacity?
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Study Notes
Antacids
- Antacids neutralize excess stomach acid
- Antacids do not inhibit gastric acid secretion
Antacid Compounds
- Common antacids are weak inorganic bases
- Examples include calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium trisilicate, magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia), and aluminum hydroxide
Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC)
- ANC is a measure of an antacid’s ability to neutralize acid
- FDA requires antacids to have greater than 25% ANC
- Minimum dose of drug added to 10 mL of 0.5 N HCl and 40 mL of water must raise pH to 3-5 at end of 10 min at 300 rpm
Calcium Carbonate
- Potent and fast-acting antacid
- About one-third of the administered calcium is absorbed
- Avoid in patients with hypercalcemia
- Can raise the pH of the blood causing alkalosis
- Calcium may cause constipation \
Magnesium Hydroxide
- Insoluble powder that forms magnesium chloride in the stomach
- Potent antacid effect
- Mainly not absorbed
- Can induce diarrhea
- Encephalopathy in cases of renal impairment
Magnesium Trisilicate
- Compound of magnesium oxide and silica
- Insoluble powder that reacts slowly with the gastric juice
- Less potent than magnesium hydroxide
- Can induce diarrhea
- Silica-based renal stones reported on long-term treatment
Aluminum Hydroxide
- Forms aluminum chloride in the stomach
- Raises the pH of gastric juice up to 4
- Gradual action with effects lasting for several hours
- May be absorbed and affect CNS if renal function is impaired
- Can cause constipation
- Aluminum hydroxide combines with phosphates in the GIT
Sodium Bicarbonate
- Water soluble
- Rapidly raises pH up to 7.4
- Carbon dioxide liberation causes belching
- Large doses or frequent administration can cause alkalosis
- Sodium absorption can induce hypertension
- Caution in patients with hypertension, cardiac failure, or chronic kidney disease
Choice of Antacid
- Considerations include underlying conditions and patient preference
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
- Generally safe for use
- Aluminum-containing antacids are safe in pregnancy
Common Antacid Preparations
- Calcium carbonate - Bisodol, Calcichew
- Magnesium salts - Milk of Magnesia, Maalox
- Aluminum salts - Maalox, Gaviscon, Actonel
General Side Effects
- Antacids are relatively harmless but can have minor contraindications
- May impair normal bowel function
- Some preparations contain salt posing clinical implications
- Reduce gastric acidity leading to problems with nutrient absorption
Alginates
- Glucuronic-mannuronic acid polymer.
- Forms hydrogels that act as a barrier.
- Reduces reflux in esophagus.
- Main ingredient in Gaviscon.
Alginates and Antifoaming Agents
- Often combined with alginates and antifoaming agents.
- Alginates form a neutralizing layer preventing reflux of stomach acids.
- Help prevent acid reflux or heartburn.
- Antifoaming agents such as simethicone (dimethicone) prevent gas formation and reduce flatulence.
Clinical Uses
- Treatment of GORD (infrequent heartburn).
- Treatment of duodenal ulcers, although anti-H2 and proton pomp inhibitors are more effective.
- No prevention of NSAID-associated ulcers.
Treatment of GORD
- Effective for patients with infrequent heartburn or isolated episodes.
- Antacids provide rapid acid neutralization and faster symptomatic relief.
- Their effect is short-lived (1-2 h).
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of antacids, including their common compounds and mechanism of action in neutralizing stomach acid. You will learn about specific antacid types, such as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide, and their effects on the body. Test your knowledge on acid neutralizing capacity and FDA requirements.
