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Which sociocultural factor can contribute significantly to the development of eating disorders?
Which sociocultural factor can contribute significantly to the development of eating disorders?
What personality trait is commonly associated with individuals at risk for developing eating disorders?
What personality trait is commonly associated with individuals at risk for developing eating disorders?
Which cognitive aspect often characterizes individuals with eating disorders?
Which cognitive aspect often characterizes individuals with eating disorders?
In a critical family environment, which factor is likely to heighten the risk of developing eating disorders?
In a critical family environment, which factor is likely to heighten the risk of developing eating disorders?
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Which of the following is an individual risk factor for eating disorders?
Which of the following is an individual risk factor for eating disorders?
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What role does media representation play in the development of eating disorders?
What role does media representation play in the development of eating disorders?
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Which factor is not considered a biological aspect influencing eating disorders?
Which factor is not considered a biological aspect influencing eating disorders?
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Which interpersonal experience can contribute to the risk of developing an eating disorder?
Which interpersonal experience can contribute to the risk of developing an eating disorder?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of night eating disorder?
Which of the following is a characteristic of night eating disorder?
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What distinguishes atypical anorexia nervosa from typical anorexia nervosa?
What distinguishes atypical anorexia nervosa from typical anorexia nervosa?
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Which disorder is characterized by binge eating occurring less than once a week?
Which disorder is characterized by binge eating occurring less than once a week?
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What percentage of heritability for anorexia nervosa (AN) was found in twin studies?
What percentage of heritability for anorexia nervosa (AN) was found in twin studies?
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Which of the following factors is considered biological in the etiology of eating disorders?
Which of the following factors is considered biological in the etiology of eating disorders?
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In terms of comorbidity, which mental health issues are commonly associated with eating disorders?
In terms of comorbidity, which mental health issues are commonly associated with eating disorders?
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Which of the following eating disorders is associated with excessive eating primarily at night?
Which of the following eating disorders is associated with excessive eating primarily at night?
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Genetic risks for eating disorders appear to interact most significantly with which developmental milestone for girls?
Genetic risks for eating disorders appear to interact most significantly with which developmental milestone for girls?
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What is a characteristic behavior commonly associated with Anorexia Nervosa?
What is a characteristic behavior commonly associated with Anorexia Nervosa?
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What defines the severity of Anorexia Nervosa in terms of BMI?
What defines the severity of Anorexia Nervosa in terms of BMI?
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Which of the following is a common psychological aspect of Anorexia Nervosa?
Which of the following is a common psychological aspect of Anorexia Nervosa?
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Which of the following is true regarding the prevalence of Anorexia Nervosa?
Which of the following is true regarding the prevalence of Anorexia Nervosa?
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What is a common physical health consequence associated with Anorexia Nervosa?
What is a common physical health consequence associated with Anorexia Nervosa?
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Which of the following describes a subtype of Anorexia Nervosa?
Which of the following describes a subtype of Anorexia Nervosa?
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What aspect is NOT typically considered when determining the severity of Anorexia Nervosa?
What aspect is NOT typically considered when determining the severity of Anorexia Nervosa?
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What is the estimated suicide rate increase for individuals with Anorexia Nervosa compared to the general population?
What is the estimated suicide rate increase for individuals with Anorexia Nervosa compared to the general population?
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Study Notes
Anorexia Nervosa
- Characterized by self-starvation, extreme weight loss, and a distorted body image.
- Individuals remain convinced they need to lose more weight, even with significant weight loss.
- Amenorrhea (loss of menstrual periods) is often a consequence of extreme weight loss.
- Individuals often develop rituals around food and are chronically fatigued despite exercising.
- Subtypes include:
- Restrictive type: Refusal to eat and/or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain.
- Binge/purge type: Engage in episodes of binge eating and compensatory behaviors (e.g., vomiting, laxative abuse).
Level of Severity
- Severity is determined by Body Mass Index (BMI).
- Mild: BMI ≥ 17 kg/m2
- Moderate: BMI = 16-16.99 kg/m2
- Severe: BMI = 15-15.99 kg/m2
- Extreme: BMI < 15 kg/m2
- Severity is not solely based on BMI; clinical symptoms, functional disability, and supervision needs are also considered.
Prevalence
- 0.9% in adult women, 0.3% in adolescent girls.
- Lower rates in men (0.3%).
- Rates increased to 0.8% by 20, and 4% among women after the DSM-5 revision.
Comorbidity
- High mortality rate (5-9%).
- Cardiovascular complications (bradycardia, arrhythmia, heart failure).
- Stomach rupture.
- Bone weakening (in women with amenorrhea).
- Kidney damage.
- Impaired immune function.
- 31 times higher suicide rate compared to general population.
Bulimia Nervosa
- Episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain.
- Mild presentations involve 1-3 binges per week; more extreme presentations involve 14 or more.
- Binge amounts vary greatly (1,200-4,000 calories).
- Body image is a significant issue, with individuals often feeling dissatisfied with their body shape and weight.
- Distortions are less extreme than with AN.
- Often identified by others due to vomiting or dental problems (frequent vomiting can rot teeth).
Prevalence
- Lifetime prevalence is up to 2.6% among women.
- More prevalent in females and westernized cultures.
- Increased significantly in the second half of the 20th century.
Comorbidity
- Severe cases can lead to electrolyte imbalance (leading to heart failure).
- 7.5 times higher suicide rate than general population.
Binge-Eating Disorder
- Recurrent binges (large amounts of rapid eating when not physically hungry) with a lack of control over eating.
- Individuals feel disgusted after binges, they may eat in private, rapidly, feeling ashamed afterwards.
- Often overweight or obese, and might have co-occurring depression/anxiety/other addictive disorders.
- Binge eating episodes can be planned or happen continuously through the day.
Prevalence
- 2-3.5% in the USA.
- Rates are lower in other countries, but women are slightly more affected.
Comorbidity
- High rates of depression and anxiety.
- Higher incidence of alcohol abuse and personality disorders.
Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders
- Conditions that don't meet the full criteria of AN or BN.
- Atypical anorexia nervosa: Meets all AN criteria except for significant weight loss (weight is in a normal or above normal range).
- Bulimia nervosa of low frequency and/or limited duration: Meets all BN criteria but binges occur less frequently or for a shorter duration.
- Night Eating Disorder: Excessive eating occurring after dinner or at night, often in the absence of feeling hungry regularly.
- Individuals are highly distressed by their behavior and often accompanied with insomnia and are typically overweight/obese.
Treatment
- Psychotherapy - Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy and others.
- Biological therapies - Medications like SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and others.
- Family therapy is often crucial in AN treatments.
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Description
Explore the critical aspects of Anorexia Nervosa, including its characteristics, severity levels based on Body Mass Index (BMI), and prevalence among populations. This quiz delves into the subtypes of anorexia and the profound impact it has on individuals' physical and mental health.
