Eating Disorders Overview and Anorexia Nervosa

Questions and Answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with anorexia nervosa in adolescent females?

Excessive weight gain (correct)

Hypotension

Brittle hair and nails

Amenorrhea

What is a key component of the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?

Intense fear of gaining weight despite being underweight (correct)

Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors

Excessive eating episodes followed by purging

A body mass index above 25

Which of the following is a common comorbid psychiatric disorder associated with anorexia nervosa?

Depression (correct)

Schizophrenia

Bipolar disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

What treatment approach is emphasized for managing anorexia nervosa?

Collaborative care involving a team approach Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with anorexia nervosa is expected to achieve full remission?

50% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa regarding binge eating episodes?

A sense of lack of control during binge eating is a characteristic feature. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by 'in partial remission' in the context of bulimia nervosa?

Some, but not all, criteria have been met for a sustained period of time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common comorbid psychiatric disorder associated with bulimia nervosa?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of the collaborative care team management approach for bulimia nervosa?

Integration of family, psychotherapy, and medical professionals. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of anorexia nervosa?

An intense fear of gaining weight despite being underweight. Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolyte imbalances might be evaluated in the context of anorexia nervosa?

Sodium, potassium, and chloride levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis for individuals with bulimia nervosa?

50-70% of individuals show improvement or recovery. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following aspects is emphasized in the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa?

Self-evaluation heavily influenced by body shape and weight. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a requirement for diagnosing binge-eating disorder according to the DSM-5 criteria?

Experiencing a sense of lack of control over eating during episodes. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with binge-eating episodes?

Eating while engaging in social interactions. Signup and view all the answers

In binge-eating disorder, how is the severity determined?

By the number of binge-eating episodes per week. Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis for individuals with binge-eating disorder without treatment?

Approximately 90% will have resolution within five years. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of binge-eating disorder?

Strictly following a diet plan prior to binge episodes. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of care team is recommended for managing binge-eating disorder?

A collaborative care team involving multiple specialties. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common demographic profile for individuals with binge-eating disorder?

Young females, especially adolescents, often classified as obese. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with binge-eating disorder may continue to experience clinical symptoms after five years?

18% Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by diarrhea caused by hepatic overproduction of bile acids or their malabsorption?

Bile acid diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic test is most sensitive for evaluating bile acid malabsorption?

SeHCAT (48.4 ng/mL) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common precipitating factor for Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea?

Recent antibiotic therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with bile acid diarrhea?

Fecal incontinence Signup and view all the answers

How is the prognosis for bile acid diarrhea determined?

Based on the underlying cause and tolerance to treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant complication of untreated Clostridioides difficile infection?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

What management approach is recommended for bile acid diarrhea?

Bile acid sequestrants Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically associated with increased risk for Clostridioides difficile infection?

Frequent handwashing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with the presence of excessive bacteria in the small intestine?

Small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common diagnostic method for confirming carbohydrate malabsorption?

Hydrogen breath test Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with an elevated risk of lymphoma when untreated?

Celiac disease Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is indicative of Crohn's disease according to laboratory testing?

Elevated fecal calprotectin levels Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary symptom of non-celiac gluten sensitivity?

Absence of autoimmune markers Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of untreated small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)?

Intestinal failure Signup and view all the answers

In diagnosing celiac disease, which of the following serologic tests has the highest sensitivity?

IgA tissue transglutaminase Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to be a symptom of celiac disease?

Dizziness Signup and view all the answers

In patients with carbohydrate malabsorption, which carbohydrate is most associated with malabsorption leading to abdominal symptoms?

Lactose Signup and view all the answers

What lifestyle factor has been shown to significantly increase the risk of developing Crohn's disease?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of small intestine bacterial overgrowth?

Increased intestinal gas formation Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is least likely to be associated with small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)?

Severe fatigue Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary modification is crucial in the management of celiac disease?

Gluten-free diet Signup and view all the answers

Which serologic test is least sensitive for diagnosing celiac disease?

IgG tissue transglutaminase Signup and view all the answers

What would be the primary management approach for carbohydrate malabsorption due to enzyme deficiencies?

Diet modification Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of disordered eating patterns in individuals affected by anorexia nervosa?

Electrolyte imbalances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of Crohn's disease?

Hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible symptom of carbohydrate malabsorption?

Abdominal bloating Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of SIBO in the general public?

15% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of testing is critical for confirming a diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity?

Gluten challenge Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is commonly associated with the development of Barrett's Esophagus?

Long-standing GERD Signup and view all the answers

In the context of gastritis, which of the following describes erosive gastritis?

Severe damage leading to bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with Barrett's Esophagus is at risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma?

< 1% Signup and view all the answers

Which management strategy is typically recommended for individuals diagnosed with chronic gastritis?

Dietary and lifestyle changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic method used for identifying Barrett's Esophagus?

Endoscopy and biopsy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common characteristic symptom of functional dyspepsia according to the ROME IV criteria?

Early satiety experienced at least 3 days a week Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most likely to aggravate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms?

Intake of citrus foods Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the general population is estimated to be affected by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Up to 35% Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pain is commonly associated with the retrograde flow of stomach contents seen in geriatric patients?

Burning sensations in the retrosternal area Signup and view all the answers

Where in the gastrointestinal tract does functional dyspepsia primarily originate?

Upper abdomen Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary risk factor contributing to peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

Long-term NSAID use Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is least likely to indicate the presence of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)?

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

In diagnosing carbohydrate malabsorption, which of the following hydrogen breath test results indicates malabsorption?

Rise greater than 20 ppm over baseline Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests has the highest sensitivity for diagnosing Crohn's disease?

Endoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common management strategy for patients diagnosed with IBS?

Diet modification Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following additional complications is associated with untreated Crohn's disease?

Deep vein thrombosis Signup and view all the answers

What factor is most frequently linked to the development of melena in peptic ulcer disease?

Bleeding ulcers Signup and view all the answers

Which factor demonstrates the highest likelihood ratio for detecting lactose intolerance in breath testing?

Hydrogen rise after 60 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary modification is typically recommended for managing carbohydrate malabsorption?

Reduction of specific carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range at which Crohn's disease is most commonly diagnosed?

20-40 years Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the management of orthorexia nervosa?

Patient education is vital to address food fixation and rigid rules. Signup and view all the answers

What underlying framework is critical for recognizing orthorexia nervosa in patients?

Eating disturbance exceeding expectations based on concurrent medical conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of unaddressed orthorexia nervosa?

Nutrient deficiencies and malnutrition. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of patients diagnosed with chronic diarrhea?

Potential psychological factors impacting digestion. Signup and view all the answers

In clinical assessments of IBS, which of the following could be a critical factor?

The presence of psychosocial stressors impacting symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by retrograde flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, resulting in inflammation?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is most strongly associated with peptic ulcer disease?

Epigastric pain with food Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is least likely to be associated with functional dyspepsia?

Chronic diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms must be present for at least 3 months to meet the ROME IV criteria for functional dyspepsia?

Early satiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant risk factor for developing peptic ulcer disease?

Long-term NSAID use Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary factor is most likely to exacerbate symptoms of GERD?

Spicy foods Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential complication of untreated small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)?

Malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

In the context of chronic gastrointestinal conditions, which factor is the least significant in the progression of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Age at onset Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic tool is most commonly used to confirm carbohydrate malabsorption?

Hydrogen breath test Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for diagnosing Crohn's disease?

20-40 years Signup and view all the answers

Which underlying condition contributes to an increased risk of developing chronic diarrhea?

Celiac disease Signup and view all the answers

How is the diagnosis of IBS commonly confirmed?

Exclusion of other conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of lactose intolerance, which is a form of carbohydrate malabsorption?

Abdominal bloating Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory finding has the highest sensitivity for detecting Crohn's disease?

Fecal calprotectin Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is commonly associated with the exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease?

NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Eating Disorders Overview

Adolescents (ages 12-25) with comorbid psychiatric disorders, especially depression, are at risk for developing eating disorders.
Common physical signs include thin appearance, marked weight loss, amenorrhea, and unusual hair and nail brittleness.
Other symptoms may involve arrhythmia, bradycardia, edema, hyperkeratosis, hypotension, lanugo, and early onset osteoporosis.

Diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa

Diagnosis relies on history, DSM-5 criteria, and Body Mass Index (BMI).
Urine analysis evaluates hydration status and kidney function, measuring specific gravity, pH, ketones, and protein.
Additional tests include monitoring body temperature, performing ECG, and conducting blood tests (CBC, electrolytes).
Bone density assessment is critical to checking for osteoporosis.

Management of Anorexia Nervosa

Managed by a collaborative care team including family, psychotherapy, and medical professionals (MD).

Prognosis for Anorexia Nervosa

Approximately 50% achieve full remission, 30% partial remission, and 20% remain chronically ill.
Mortality risk is 5.9 times greater compared to the general population.

Anorexia Nervosa DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

Restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight relative to age, sex, and physical health.
Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, despite being underweight.
Disturbance in body image, self-evaluation influenced unduly by weight or shape.

Bulimia Nervosa Overview

Characterized by recurrent binge eating episodes followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors.
Typical behaviors include self-induced vomiting, laxative misuse, fasting, or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain.

Bulimia Nervosa DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

Binge eating episodes involve eating a larger portion of food within a discrete time period, accompanied by lack of control.
Occurs at least once a week for three months and does not occur exclusively during anorexia episodes.
Severity classification ranges from mild (1-3 episodes/week) to extreme (14+ episodes/week).

Management and Prognosis for Bulimia Nervosa

Managed by a collaborative care team involving psychotherapy and psychiatric support.
Recovery rates show 50-70% will improve or recover; however, the risk of suicide is increased by 4-7 times.

Binge-Eating Disorder Overview

Defined by recurrent episodes of consuming large portions of food within a short time (≤2 hours), at least once a week for three months.
Most prevalent in females, adolescents, and individuals who are overweight or obese.

Diagnosis of Binge-Eating Disorder

Based on history and DSM-5 criteria focusing on the frequency of binge-eating episodes.

Management and Prognosis for Binge-Eating Disorder

Collaborative care involving psychotherapy and medical professionals is employed.
High resolution rate of 90% within five years, but 18% may continue to experience clinical eating disorders.
Increased risk of obesity is associated with this disorder.

Binge-Eating DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria

Episodes marked by lack of control over eating and associated symptoms such as rapid eating, eating until uncomfortably full, and eating in isolation due to embarrassment.
Distress regarding binge eating is also a significant component of the diagnosis.

Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

H.pylori is a bacterium linked to the development of peptic ulcers, affecting 90% of small intestines and 60% of stomachs in infected individuals.
NSAID usage poses a 6X increased risk for developing ulcers, with 15-25% of dyspepsia patients experiencing PUD.
Symptoms include epigastric pain (often related to food), dyspepsia, nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite, and melena (black tarry stools).
Diagnosis typically involves upper endoscopy, and management may require antibiotics, antacids, or referral to a specialist.
Most cases resolve, but there is potential for ulceration or gastric carcinoma.

Carbohydrate Malabsorption/Intolerance

Condition results from inadequate digestion or absorption of carbohydrates, often due to missing intestinal enzymes.
Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, watery stools, and excessive gas, often exacerbated by age or high carbohydrate diets.
Diagnosis can involve a hydrogen breath test, where a significant rise in hydrogen levels indicates malabsorption.
Management focuses on dietary modifications and patient education, with congenital enzyme deficiencies progressing over time.

Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

Characterized by excessive bacteria in the small intestine, with a prevalence of about 15% in the general population, escalating to 40% in IBS patients.
Symptoms can vary, including abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.
Diagnosis may include breath tests, indicating SIBO through an increase in hydrogen after specific carbohydrate ingestion.
Management may involve antibiotic treatment, and if untreated, chronic SIBO can lead to severe complications like malnutrition and intestinal failure.

Crohn's Disease

A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract, prevalent in 0.35% of the Canadian population, typically diagnosed in individuals aged 20-40.
Genetic factors (like NOD2/CARD15 mutations) and risk factors such as smoking and NSAID use can heighten susceptibility.
Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue, along with extraintestinal manifestations like anemia and osteoporosis.
Diagnosed through ileocolonoscopy with biopsy and cross-sectional imaging; management often involves specialist referral and monitoring.
Increased risk for various cancers and other health complications if left untreated.

Bile Acid Malabsorption

Diarrhea resulting from excess bile acid production or malabsorption in the terminal ileum.
Conditions like Crohn's disease, pancreas insufficiency, or post-cholecystectomy can contribute to this issue.
Symptoms encompass persistent diarrhea, increased stool urgency, flatulence, and abdominal pain.
Diagnosis can be made through SeHCAT testing or serum assays; treatment may require bile acid sequestrants.

Clostridioides Difficile-Associated Diarrhea

Associated with infections from bacteria, commonly linked to antibiotic use and often occurring in healthcare settings.
Symptoms range from mild diarrhea to severe colitis, with potential complications such as significant dehydration or fever.
Diagnosis typically involves a history of recent antibiotic use and specific serologic tests.
Management includes hydration support and discontinuation of the antibiotic if possible, with a recurrence rate of 13-50%.

Celiac Disease

An autoimmune condition triggered by gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, affecting about 1% of Canadians, especially females.
Symptoms can be diverse, including gastrointestinal distress and malnutrition-related deficiencies.
Diagnosis relies on serologic testing for specific antibodies and small bowel biopsy.
Strict gluten avoidance is crucial for management, with a risk for increased cancers and nutrient deficiencies if untreated.

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity

Occurs in the absence of celiac disease but demonstrates gluten-related symptoms in about 0.5-13% of the population.
Symptoms include bloating, abdominal discomfort, fatigue, and other non-intestinal complaints.
Diagnosis often utilizes a gluten challenge, while treatment focuses on dietary avoidance and patient education.

Disordered Eating

Includes various eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, orthorexia, and others, each with unique characteristics and treatment needs.
Encouragement for seeking help, with resources like the National Eating Disorder Information Centre available for support.

GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) characterized by heartburn, sour taste, dysphagia; symptoms include chronic cough, nausea, sore throat, and hoarseness.
Diagnosis made through symptom assessment, endoscopy, esophageal pH testing; a therapeutic challenge may involve a PPI trial resulting in a 50% symptom reduction.
Up to 23% of GERD patients may develop esophageal strictures; 10-15% may progress to Barrett’s Esophagus after 5-10 years.
Barrett’s Esophagus involves metaplastic changes in the esophageal lining, with 2-7% prevalence in Canada; risk factors include long-standing GERD, male gender, age over 50, smoking, obesity, and family history.
Diagnosis via endoscopy and biopsy; management involves referral to a specialist and endoscopic surveillance every 3 years.

Gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach lining caused by excess gastric acid; can be erosive (severe) or non-erosive (atrophic/metaplastic).
Risk factors include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, alcohol, and stress; may coexist with GERD.
Symptoms include epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and melena.
Diagnosis confirmed through upper endoscopy; management includes potential referral and treatment with antibiotics and antacids.

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Localized erosion of stomach or small intestine mucosa, commonly caused by H. pylori and NSAIDs, with a 15-25% prevalence in dyspeptic patients.
H. pylori found in up to 90% of small intestine cases and 60% in stomach cases; NSAIDs increase risk.
Symptoms frequently include abdominal pain and discomfort.

Carbohydrate Malabsorption

Inability to digest certain carbohydrates due to lack of intestinal enzymes, leading to symptoms like abdominal pain and bloating.
Diagnosis confirmed via hydrogen breath test; a significant rise in breath hydrogen indicates malabsorption.
Management focuses on dietary modifications; congenital enzyme deficiencies may worsen with age.

Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

Presence of excessive bacteria in the small intestine, affecting approximately 15% of the general population and 40% of IBS patients.
Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea or constipation.
Management may involve antibiotics; untreated SIBO can lead to malnutrition and intestinal failure.

Crohn’s Disease

Chronic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract; increasing prevalence in Canada, especially among ages 20-40.
Associated with genetic risks (e.g., NOD2/CARD15), smoking, and previous antibiotic use.
Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, fatigue, and various systemic issues including anemia and osteoporosis.
Diagnosis requires (ileo)colonoscopy with biopsy; management typically involves gastroenterologist referral.

Bile Acid Malabsorption

Characterized by recurrent upper abdominal pain or discomfort, affecting about 30% of North Americans.
Symptoms include early satiety and postprandial fullness; ROME IV criteria diagnose based on symptom presence and absence of structural disease.

Diagnostic Testing Insights

Fecal calprotectin test shows high sensitivity (83-100%) for Crohn’s.
Breath hydrogen tests for carbohydrate absorption issues have varied sensitivity for different sugars (e.g., lactose: 95%, fructose: 98%).
PPI trial for GERD has sensitivity of 79% with a positive likelihood ratio of 5.5.

Prognosis and Complications

Most gastric conditions, including gastritis and mild PUD, tend to resolve but can lead to severe complications like ulcers or cancer if untreated.
Barrett’s Esophagus has a low conversion risk to esophageal adenocarcinoma (<1%) but requires surveillance due to long-term risk factors.

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

Localized erosion in the mucosal layer of the stomach or small intestine.
Present in 15-25% of dyspepsia patients; Helicobacter pylori and NSAID use increase risk by 6 times.
H. pylori found in 90% of small intestine cases and 60% of stomach cases.
NSAIDs associated with 7% in small intestine and 35% in stomach cases.
Symptoms include epigastric pain correlated with food intake, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, and melena.
Diagnosis through upper endoscopy.
Management may require referral to a medical doctor for antibiotics, antacids (H2 blockers, PPIs).
Prognosis: Most cases resolve, but there is a risk of ulceration or gastric carcinoma.

Carbohydrate Malabsorption/Intolerance

Inability to digest certain carbohydrates due to lack of intestinal enzymes.
Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, and watery stools.
Commonly affected carbohydrates: lactose and fructose, particularly in older adults and those consuming high amounts of dairy and fruit.
Diagnosis can be confirmed with a hydrogen breath test revealing a rise in breath hydrogen concentration greater than 20 ppm after carbohydrate ingestion.
Management involves patient education regarding dietary modifications.
Congenital enzyme deficiencies may worsen with age.

Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)

Characterized by excessive bacteria in the small intestine, exceeding 10^5-10^6 organisms/mL.
15% prevalence in the general population; 40% in IBS patients.
Risk factors: history of travel-related diarrhea, food poisoning, frequent antibiotic use, prolonged PPI use, and prior cholecystectomy.
Symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea (hydrogen dominant) or constipation (methane dominant).
Diagnosis via breath tests reflecting a rise in breath hydrogen concentration after carb ingestion.
Management may require antibiotic treatment or referral to a physician.
Prognosis: Untreated SIBO can lead to severe complications like weight loss, malnutrition, and recurrence rates up to 44%.

Crohn's Disease

Chronic inflammation affecting the gastrointestinal tract, potentially leading to extraintestinal complications.
Prevalence in the Canadian population is 0.35%, typically diagnosed between ages 20-40.
Associated genetic risk: homozygous for NOD2/CARD15 increases risk 20-40 folds.
Symptoms include diarrhea, cramping abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, fever, and weight loss.
Extraintestinal manifestations may include anemia, osteoporosis, and various inflammatory conditions.
Diagnosis involves ileocolonoscopy with biopsy, imaging tests, and fecal markers.
Management often requires referral to a gastroenterologist.
Prognosis: Increased risk for several cancers, nutritional deficiencies, and thrombotic events.

Hydrogen Breath Testing for Carbohydrate Malabsorption and SIBO

Procedures involve serial breath sampling after carbohydrate ingestion.
An increase in breath hydrogen concentration greater than 20 ppm indicates malabsorption in both conditions.
Lactose testing has 95% sensitivity; fructose testing shows 98% sensitivity.
Glucose testing for SIBO has a sensitivity of 62%, while lactulose ranges from 31-68%.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Involves retrograde flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, causing inflammation and discomfort.
Affects up to 35% of the general population.
Risk factors include obesity, smoking, alcohol, certain foods (chocolate, peppermint, spicy, citrus), and carbonated beverages.
Symptoms manifest as retrosternal or epigastric burning pain post meals (pyrosis).

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Description

This quiz covers an overview of eating disorders, focusing particularly on anorexia nervosa. It explores the physical signs, diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and the important role of a collaborative care team. Enhance your understanding of the complexities surrounding these disorders.