36 Questions
At what ages does anorexia nervosa typically begin?
14-18 years
What do clients with anorexia often deny in the early stages of the illness?
Both a and b
What percentage of clients with anorexia achieve full recovery?
30-50%
What is common as the illness progresses in clients with anorexia?
Increased depression and mood lability
What can social isolation lead to in clients with anorexia?
Basic mistrust of others and paranoia
What proportion of clients with anorexia are more likely to die from medical complications or suicide compared to the general population?
Six times more likely
What is the recovery rate for clients with anorexia?
30-50%
What is the risk for medical complications associated with clients who abuse laxatives?
Higher risk
What is the likelihood of clients with the lowest body weights and longest durations of illness to relapse?
Most likely
What is the outcome for clients with the lowest body weights and longest durations of illness?
Poor outcomes
What is common in clients as dieting and compulsive behaviors increase?
Isolation
What do clients with anorexia often express pleasure about in the early stages of the illness?
Control over weight
Which electrolyte abnormality is particularly associated with purging in eating disorders?
Hypokalemia
What is a major life-threatening complication that may indicate the need for hospital admission in clients with anorexia nervosa?
Severe fluid, electrolyte, and metabolic imbalances
What is a common musculoskeletal complication related to weight loss in eating disorders?
Osteoporosis
Which body system is affected by symptoms such as delayed gastric emptying, bloating, constipation, and abdominal pain in eating disorders?
Gastrointestinal
What is a common reproductive complication associated with eating disorders?
Amenorrhea
What is a potential dermatologic complication of eating disorders?
Lanugo (fine, baby-like hair over the body)
Which medical management focus is important in the treatment of clients with anorexia nervosa?
Weight restoration
What type of therapy may be beneficial for families of clients younger than 18 years with anorexia nervosa?
Family therapy
Which type of therapy focuses on the client's particular issues and circumstances, such as coping skills and self-esteem?
Individual therapy
What is a potential dental complication associated with eating disorders?
Erosion of dental enamel (perimyolysis)
What is a potential neuropsychiatric complication of eating disorders?
Seizures
What is a common metabolic complication related to weight loss in eating disorders?
Hypothyroidism
Which of the following is a potential cardiac complication of eating disorders?
Atrial fibrillation
What is a common reproductive complication associated with eating disorders?
Oligomenorrhea
What is a potential neuropsychiatric symptom related to eating disorders?
Abnormal taste sensation
What is a common dermatological complication of eating disorders?
Lanugo (fine body hair)
Which electrolyte abnormality is particularly associated with purging in eating disorders?
Hypokalemia
What is a potential gastrointestinal complication of eating disorders?
Delayed gastric emptying
What is a major life-threatening complication that may indicate the need for hospital admission in clients with anorexia nervosa?
Severe weight loss
What is a potential dental complication associated with eating disorders?
Dental erosion
What is a common metabolic issue associated with eating disorders?
Hypothyroidism
What is a focus of medical management in the treatment of clients with anorexia nervosa?
Weight restoration
What type of therapy can be effective in preventing relapse and improving overall outcomes for patients with anorexia nervosa?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
What is a potential hematologic complication associated with eating disorders?
Leukopenia
Study Notes
Medical Complications and Treatment of Eating Disorders
- Medical complications of eating disorders include musculoskeletal issues such as loss of muscle mass, osteoporosis, and pathologic fractures, as well as metabolic issues like hypothyroidism, hypoglycemia, and decreased insulin sensitivity.
- Eating disorders can also lead to cardiac complications such as bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, and sudden death.
- Gastrointestinal complications may include delayed gastric emptying, constipation, and abdominal pain, while reproductive complications can manifest as amenorrhea and low hormone levels.
- Dermatological complications like dry, cracking skin and the presence of lanugo (fine body hair) can occur, and hematologic complications may include leukopenia and anemia.
- Neuropsychiatric symptoms related to eating disorders may involve abnormal taste sensation, depression, and sleep disturbances.
- Purging through vomiting and laxative abuse can result in electrolyte abnormalities, salivary gland and pancreas inflammation, and dental erosion.
- Treatment for anorexia nervosa can be challenging as patients often resist and deny their problems, with different settings and approaches required based on the severity of the illness and comorbid conditions.
- Major life-threatening complications necessitating hospital admission include severe fluid and electrolyte imbalances, cardiovascular complications, severe weight loss, and suicide risk.
- Medical management focuses on weight restoration, nutritional rehabilitation, rehydration, and correction of electrolyte imbalances, with severely malnourished patients potentially requiring total parenteral nutrition or tube feedings.
- Psychotherapy, including family therapy and individual therapy, is important in addressing family dynamics, communication, and the individual issues and circumstances of the patient.
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be effective in preventing relapse and improving overall outcomes for patients with anorexia nervosa.
- Family-based early intervention can help prevent exacerbation of anorexia, but significant improvements in family functioning may take time, particularly in dysfunctional families.
Test your knowledge about the onset and clinical course of anorexia nervosa in students with this informative quiz. Explore the typical age of onset, early symptoms, and attitudes towards body image and weight control. Gain insights into the initial stages of anorexia nervosa and its impact on adolescent clients.
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