أنواع خلايا الدم

Study Notes

Blood Cell Types

Blood is a complex tissue composed of numerous specialized cells suspended in a fluid matrix called plasma.
Erythrocytes (red blood cells): Primary function is oxygen transport.
Leukocytes (white blood cells): Crucial for immune defense; multiple types with varied functions.
Thrombocytes (platelets): Essential for blood clotting.

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

Primarily responsible for oxygen delivery throughout the body.
Biconcave shape maximizes surface area for gas exchange.
Contains hemoglobin, a protein that binds and transports oxygen.
Lifespan is approximately 120 days.
Produced in red bone marrow.
Removed from circulation by the spleen and liver.

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

Crucial components of the immune system.
Defend the body against pathogens, foreign substances, and cellular abnormalities.
Diverse types, each with specific roles:
- Granulocytes (with granules in their cytoplasm):
  - Neutrophils: First responders to infections, phagocytic.
  - Eosinophils: Combat parasites and involved in allergic reactions.
  - Basophils: Release histamine, contributing to allergic responses and inflammation.
- Agranulocytes (lacking prominent granules):
  - Lymphocytes: Crucial for adaptive immunity; B cells produce antibodies, T cells directly attack infected cells.
  - Monocytes: Transform into macrophages in tissues, phagocytic cells.

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

Small, irregular-shaped cell fragments.
Essential for hemostasis (blood clotting).
Adhere to damaged blood vessel walls.
Release clotting factors to form a fibrin clot, stopping bleeding.
Produced in bone marrow from megakaryocytes.

Blood Cell Functions: Summary

Erythrocytes: Oxygen transport
Leukocytes: Immune defense, pathogen and foreign substance destruction
Thrombocytes: Blood clotting, hemostasis
All blood cell types work together to maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Dysfunction in any of these cell types can lead to serious health consequences.

Description

تتناول هذه الاختبارات أنواع خلايا الدم المختلفة، بما في ذلك كريات الدم الحمراء والبيضاء والصفائح. سنغطي وظائف كل نوع وأهميته في الجسم. تعرف على كيفية انتقال الأكسجين ودور الجهاز المناعي في حماية الجسم.