أنواع خلايا الدم

Blood Cell Types

• Blood is a complex tissue composed of numerous specialized cells suspended in a fluid matrix called plasma.
• Erythrocytes (red blood cells): Primary function is oxygen transport.
• Leukocytes (white blood cells): Crucial for immune defense; multiple types with varied functions.
• Thrombocytes (platelets): Essential for blood clotting.

Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

• Primarily responsible for oxygen delivery throughout the body.
• Biconcave shape maximizes surface area for gas exchange.
• Contains hemoglobin, a protein that binds and transports oxygen.
• Lifespan is approximately 120 days.
• Produced in red bone marrow.
• Removed from circulation by the spleen and liver.

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

• Crucial components of the immune system.
• Defend the body against pathogens, foreign substances, and cellular abnormalities.
• Diverse types, each with specific roles:
  • Granulocytes (with granules in their cytoplasm):
    • Neutrophils: First responders to infections, phagocytic.
    • Eosinophils: Combat parasites and involved in allergic reactions.
    • Basophils: Release histamine, contributing to allergic responses and inflammation.
  • Agranulocytes (lacking prominent granules):
    • Lymphocytes: Crucial for adaptive immunity; B cells produce antibodies, T cells directly attack infected cells.
    • Monocytes: Transform into macrophages in tissues, phagocytic cells.

Thrombocytes (Platelets)

• Small, irregular-shaped cell fragments.
• Essential for hemostasis (blood clotting).
• Adhere to damaged blood vessel walls.
• Release clotting factors to form a fibrin clot, stopping bleeding.
• Produced in bone marrow from megakaryocytes.

Blood Cell Functions: Summary

• Erythrocytes: Oxygen transport
• Leukocytes: Immune defense, pathogen and foreign substance destruction
• Thrombocytes: Blood clotting, hemostasis
• All blood cell types work together to maintain homeostasis and overall health.
• Dysfunction in any of these cell types can lead to serious health consequences.

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