أنواع المكتبات: المكتبات العامة

• Libraries have evolved since the beginning of the 20th century to serve the needs of readers and researchers
• Governments and scientific bodies have developed libraries, leading to diversity in their types and functions.

Types of Libraries

• Libraries are divided into three main categories: public, private, and specialized
• The categorization aims to classify various library types, despite some overlap.

Public Libraries

• Serve a broad, undefined readership, usually focusing on the average reader
• May include national libraries.
• Established by specific laws or pre-existing legislation
• Open to all ages and social classes without charge
• Focus on the use of library materials and the delivery of structured services
• Typically funded by public funds

Public Library Services

• Offer culture and education to all demographics, whether children, adults, students, or those with basic educations
• Contribute to literacy initiatives
• Offer specific information and answer inquiries from readers and researchers
• Encourage beneficial leisure activities for leisure and recreation
• Provide readers and researchers with knowledge and technical skills
• Develop artistic appreciation, especially for the arts of music and literature
• Help to disseminate knowledge by disseminating scientific materials, which promotes the revival of classic traditions and old heritages

Branch Libraries

• Usually affiliated with a main public library
• Established to serve a certain area that is distant from the major library, which expedites and simplifies the library service
• It may be established to meet the demands of a specific setting (industrial, agricultural, etc.) with unique requirements
• Need components that contribute to their success, it is thus important for it to be supplied with collections of publications that meet the requirements of its readers.
• Should be staffed by qualified employees who want to provide specialized assistance that is useful
• A branch library is a component of the main library; the better the branch library's reputation, the better the main library.

Mobile Libraries

• Libraries on wheels involve the transport of book collections via specially equipped vehicles.
• An equipped vehicle is furnished with shelves with capacity for thousands of texts
• These libraries travel to rural regions and underserved populations in order to meet specialized demands related to needs, for example, industrial or agricultural
• Arrange services to allow the audience to get needed publications when necessary
• Have regular schedules, may expand services, putting in arrangements to go through the houses in remote locations.

Public Libraries for Children

• Provide services like designated children's sections or collections.
• Some libraries cater exclusively to children, without other age groups.
• A school library differs from the role of a public library, because the latter assists children in developing their reading abilities for pleasure and self-discovery.

National Library

• Responsible for gathering and preserving written intellectual output for future generations
• Takes responsibility for gathering and storing the written intellectual output of that nation for the benefit of future generations.
• Compiles all publications, manuscripts, and related items concerning the nation, whether published domestically or abroad.
• Serves as a center for legal innovation under deposit legislation, requiring authors, printers and publishers to deposit copies (e.g., ten) of each published work.
• Manages and protects materials related to human culture, to be the main source to give scientists and researchers its own sources.
• Compiles the national bibliography
• Central hub for interlibrary loan within the country and internationally.
• Can also be a center for exchanging publications domestically and internationally
• Offers tailored services to categories like the sight-impaired or sailors through direct or indirect ways
• Gives libraries requesting assistance in organization and construction design expert training and technical assistance
• Coordinate efforts to supply domestic libraries to get foreign books way of partnership which helps reduce expenses and ease access the books
• Provides specialized library service offerings to the legislative and executive departments, for example the Parliament.

Private and School Libraries

• Serve specific groups such as educational institutions and are covered by these points.
• Provides an active participation in curricula.
• Expand the curriculum through promoting innovation and imagination
• Support use of publications as sources of information.
• Facilitate reading for leisure
• Teach children how to use the library correctly
• Teach values of respecting each others rights, self regulation, and trust among each others belongings
• Facilitate faculty members by regularly providing new updates on education and the whole curriculum.
• Libraries should be aligned to the school's academic level, resulting in a broad range of libraries.

Elementary School Library

• Designed for young children, providing places and furniture which is suitable and can aid reading the required books for school
• Acquire particularly printed books and attractive drawings that match the works and psychologies of youth, ease them in reading, understanding, training them to be patrons of the library.
• Allow them to be loaned and taken home
• Keep simplified references, encyclopedias etc for them.
• Has a librarian to assists and give directions to the youth.

Secondary School Library

• Represents latest advancement and development to what we new, and because Secondary Phase which comes after the Elementary level the reading levels become better and higher, so that students need to have different sets of books
• Serves the curriculum
• Provides different sets of different resources and materials for having fun time and free readings as well.
• Gives sets suitable of books and references
• Supplies multiple sets of resources for assisting and helping the instructors in teaching

High School

• Enables instructors to experience new educational teaching methods and technology and to direct inclinations, in addition to helping students in studies on the one hand and areas of personal inclinations
• The services the competent full-time librarian offers with the cooperation of faculty members are among the most significant considerations that affect the performance of the high school librarian's job

Private Specialized Libraries

• A library which serves a specific group or organization
• Located within some government or economical entities
• Library duties are to assist and facilitate people within that institution
• Industrial companies may have some people with authority administrating everything.
• Libraries that are specialized provide materials for general culture and leisure, plus technical literature related to the employer's field

Specialized Libraries

• Serve a specific area, and its members are experts in the area, and it has numerous forms
• Library of schools whose offerings are shown below.
• Supporting learning in all technical and educational aspect.
• Providing ways and tools for research in a number of learning aspect that depend on their specialization.
• Allowing some people from institutions to access information in the library
• Coordinating with the main university library to teach and prepare some fresh librarians.
• University libraries may take charge to help some general facilities that could facilitate and make the university more useful in public and in economical.

Factors for University Library Success

• Abundance of resources for the pursuit of research and expansion.
• Competent and efficient staff that is reliable.
• The arrangements that are in the university for equipment
• Space and fame that this kind of libraries bring to the equipment
• Relationship that the library has with educational authorities and administrative control.
• Agreement that exists between the sets of book that are shown in the library and that are shown in local or regional institutions.

Institutes Libraries

• The distinction between what those that study in colleges and that study in institutes is that the knowledge to that the students need in institutes in more detailed and concise
• The Library in the Institutes is almost the same for any college in its functions
• There could be special senior colleges for some people and in the paragraph below there will be information on those

University Library

• The primary difference between the libraries of colleges and institutes lies in the fact that the latter focuses on collections that meet the college's requirements at the pre-graduation level and does not prioritize scientific research materials
• In the second tier is the university library, whose obligations include all of the colleges and institutes within the university

Libraries of Specialization and Advanced Institutes

• Serve a scientific body with its own specialization in one type of that we need in order to know more about the information on humanity And its servants and workers can vary in the ways on how it helps and what type of science the bodies want and care more about.

Document Centers

• A documentation center provides specialized services in a specific scientific field
• A documentation center is primarily interested in gathering and compiling all information in the field in which it specializes.
• Above that, a center for documentation has some features and operations such as Translation and Summarization, the Center helps in everything.

Library Functions

• Basic goal is the beneficiaries, which are served by all activities, which help manage the information with a focus on easier use
• Next paragraph there will be some explanation on how to implement those activities which help in gaining more help from the librarian side

Book Selection

• Books picked carefully to be acquired as the best fit with the content for a library group to be sufficient to user requirements
• It also contains compilation for the preparation of reading lists is much farther than that and can be used for exhibitions and anything like it.
• We can estimate the size of the challenge of choosing the right forms of publications for a library if one considers the enormous rise in printed materials
• Here are the principles of selection and everything needed on the librarian and buyer stand of view and vision.
• What actually that the readers need
• What kind of vision the library must bring to readers
• How well the things that the books that the buyer brings mix with other books inside the library at the time

Rating Rules

• When choosing literature, there are general guidelines to follow when evaluating each item and here are some examples
• The amount of people who want a certain category between all the people.
• books of references and documentation sources must be written by pros, that match with the latest developments.
• the topic of the book must contain something or an idea or a known thing.
• The style and the grammar.

Choice Tools

• Lists by publishers which include Books titles, Author Names themes, and can sometimes recall anecdotes from each book.
• Bibliography that are provided by the big institutions and the big and famous Libraries.
• Library catalogues.
• Readers Recommendations from other people that are a good tool that can make some help during library books hunting seasons.

Second: Purchase and Supply

• In starting the operation Purchase and Supply. We need to be careful in carrying operations
• Operations such as financial, if there is an error, the person should be held accountable
• Operations in the book such as purchase, the librarian must know all of what has been stated in the purchase orders

Record and Add

• It is common for Libraries to have records of new additions, to use it for saving what the library adds in its stuff
• The process usually contains the way a book that the library added
• The information contains the author's name and the printing of the book and from which institution or company

Exchange

• The organization and coordination of work in a supply section, this must be done in the work of a single division or department
• Libraries can get many gifts which lead people to seek it and make it helpful.
• Every library that wants to exchange books for other books must do this work and give a good reward for the donator.

Gifts

• If one examines the background of libraries One can find that gifts have a great role in building sets. But in fact some newspapers cannot accept rewards.
• Also, some old people might not accept the praise of the gifts.
• The things that we most give attention, which include
• A reward for the good that he has done
• A clear definition and agreement

Cooperation Between Libraries

• Happens in organizations such as universities through what is known is cooperative in buying.
• So that can share and take from anything with other departments inside the alliance.
• Also, sharing is very important, sharing resources and things, a contract must be there.

Exchange of Publications

• The cooperative library in exchange should seek in providing a source for books.

Methods of Cooperating with other Librarians and their Services

• Books can often save the day and assist in times of needing for something to give the other librarian
• Photocopying of publications and to do those action we need a licence
• And in terms of the reference service it needs a person, this helps him to gain all libraries to the book in which he wants.