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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the nephridia in the excretory system of organisms like the earthworm?
What is the primary function of the nephridia in the excretory system of organisms like the earthworm?
In how many segments of an earthworm are nephridia typically found?
In how many segments of an earthworm are nephridia typically found?
Which statement best describes the arrangement of nephridia in the earthworm?
Which statement best describes the arrangement of nephridia in the earthworm?
What structure in the excretory system of earthworms is similar to those in other segmented organisms?
What structure in the excretory system of earthworms is similar to those in other segmented organisms?
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How do nephridia contribute to the excretory process in earthworms?
How do nephridia contribute to the excretory process in earthworms?
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What is the primary reason for the red color of blood?
What is the primary reason for the red color of blood?
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Which components are part of the circulatory system as mentioned?
Which components are part of the circulatory system as mentioned?
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How does blood typically exist in terms of its composition?
How does blood typically exist in terms of its composition?
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What role does hemoglobin play in the circulatory system?
What role does hemoglobin play in the circulatory system?
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Which statement about the circulatory system is accurate?
Which statement about the circulatory system is accurate?
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What is the typical color of Hirudo medicinalis?
What is the typical color of Hirudo medicinalis?
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What is the approximate length range of Hirudo medicinalis?
What is the approximate length range of Hirudo medicinalis?
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What type of organism is Hirudo medicinalis classified as?
What type of organism is Hirudo medicinalis classified as?
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Where do the ventral blood vessels in the organism run?
Where do the ventral blood vessels in the organism run?
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From which type of hosts does Hirudo medicinalis primarily obtain its nourishment?
From which type of hosts does Hirudo medicinalis primarily obtain its nourishment?
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How are the ventral blood vessels connected?
How are the ventral blood vessels connected?
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What is the primary feeding behavior of Hirudo medicinalis?
What is the primary feeding behavior of Hirudo medicinalis?
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What is the orientation of ventral blood vessels in relation to the alimentary canal?
What is the orientation of ventral blood vessels in relation to the alimentary canal?
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Which statement best describes the location of the ventral blood vessels?
Which statement best describes the location of the ventral blood vessels?
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Which vessels connect the ventral blood vessels together?
Which vessels connect the ventral blood vessels together?
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How many body segments does the organism have?
How many body segments does the organism have?
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What type of locomotion does this organism primarily use?
What type of locomotion does this organism primarily use?
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Which part of the organism's anatomy surrounds the mouth?
Which part of the organism's anatomy surrounds the mouth?
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How many chitinous jaws are present in the buccal region?
How many chitinous jaws are present in the buccal region?
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What feature of the organism's body is significantly more than the number of its segments?
What feature of the organism's body is significantly more than the number of its segments?
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What role does the enzyme hirudin play in the leech's feeding process?
What role does the enzyme hirudin play in the leech's feeding process?
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How does a leech attach to its host?
How does a leech attach to its host?
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Which of the following structures secretes hirudin in leeches?
Which of the following structures secretes hirudin in leeches?
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What type of wound do leeches create on their hosts?
What type of wound do leeches create on their hosts?
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What is the role of the muscular pharynx in the feeding process of leeches?
What is the role of the muscular pharynx in the feeding process of leeches?
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Study Notes
Annelida Classification
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Subkingdom: Metazoa
- Phylum: Annelida
Polychaeta Class
- Class: Polychaeta
- Example: Nereis (sandworm)
- Mostly marine
- Have well-developed parapodia for locomotion
- Usually separate sexes
- Have eyes, nuchal organs, and statocysts as sense organs
- Have a closed circulatory system with dorsal and ventral blood vessels
- Excretory system composed of nephridia
- Live in sea shores and sand in sea beds.
Hirudinea Class
- Class: Hirudinea (leeches)
- Mostly live in freshwater lakes and ponds (some are marine)
- Head is less differentiated
- Setae are absent
- Have suckers for attachment
- Usually hermaphrodites
- Clitellum appears only during breeding season
- Example: Hirudo medicinalis (medical leech)
Hirudo medicinalis (Medical Leech) Characteristics
- Greenish-brown color
- 5-10 cm in length
- Ectoparasitic, sucks blood from vertebrate hosts
- Body consists of 33 segments, but body surface has numerous annuli greatly more than the number of segments
- Uses suckers for locomotion (and for attachment to the host)
Locomotion
- Leeches swim in water
- Leeches walk using suckers
Digestive System (Leeches)
- Mouth is surrounded by buccal region with three serrated chitinous jaws
- Pharynx is muscular and acts like a suction pump
- Crop consists of 11 segments , each produced laterally into a pair of diverticula or caeca.
Circulatory System (Leeches)
- 17 pairs of nephridia
- Several sinuses and vessels containing red blood
- Dorsal and ventral blood sinuses
- Two lateral blood vessels
Nervous System (Leeches)
- Anterior nerve ring with two cerebral ganglia
- Ventral nerve cord with ganglia in each segment of the body
Reproductive System (Leeches)
- Hermaphrodites
- Male reproductive system: 9 pairs of testes, Vasa efferentia, Vasa deferens, Vesicula seminalis and ejaculatory ducts opening through a penis on segment 11.
- Female reproductive system: Two ovaries, two short oviducts unite in common oviduct, which extends into vagina and opens on segment 12.
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Description
Explore the classification of Annelida, including key classes such as Polychaeta and Hirudinea. Learn about their unique characteristics, habitats, and reproductive systems. This quiz will help you understand these fascinating organisms and their biological significance.
