Ankle Brachial Index Quiz

A pressure measurement taken in the upper arm, specifically in the brachial artery.

A measurement used to assess the health of the arteries in the legs. It compares the blood pressure in the ankles to the blood pressure in the arms.

An ABI value below 0.90 indicates a potential arterial disease.

A condition where the arteries that supply blood to the legs are narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow.

A prominent dicrotic notch on the arterial PPG waveform indicates normal blood flow.

A slow upslope and downslope on the arterial PPG waveform can indicate reduced blood flow.

An ABI of 0.77 indicates a moderate level of peripheral artery disease (PAD), suggesting some degree of arterial blockage or narrowing.

An ABI value between 0.9 to 1.3 indicates healthy arteries in the legs.

An ABI value above 1.3 suggests hardening of the arteries with calcification.

An ABI value between 0.5 and 0.9 indicates mild to moderate arterial disease, often causing pain during walking.

An ABI value below 0.5 suggests severe arterial disease, potentially causing wounds that are hard to heal.

This is a measurement of the blood pressure in the thigh, which should be 30-40 mmHg higher than the brachial pressure.

This indicates a significant difference in blood pressure between adjacent areas of the leg.

This is a measurement of the blood pressure in the toes compared to the brachial pressure.

A condition where blood flow is reversed in the subclavian artery due to a blockage or narrowing in the proximal portion of the vessel. This reversed flow often results in a decrease in blood flow to the arm and hand.

A test that measures blood flow in the legs by inflating a cuff around the calf and then observing how quickly the blood flow returns after the cuff is released.

A test that measures blood flow in the upper extremities by comparing blood pressure measurements at different points in the arm.

A decrease in blood pressure between the upper arm and the radial artery, indicating a potential narrowing or blockage of the radial artery.

An ABI value between 0.70 and 0.90 indicates a moderate level of peripheral artery disease (PAD), suggesting some degree of arterial blockage or narrowing, but the symptoms may not be severe.

A significant narrowing or blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the legs leading to poor blood flow, often requiring immediate medical intervention.

A test where a patient walks for 5 minutes or more without experiencing pain, signifying normal blood flow to the legs.

Ankle pressures should return to normal levels within 5 minutes after stopping exercise, indicating good blood flow.

A narrowing of an artery, typically by more than 50%, which restricts blood flow.

The ability of blood vessels to widen in response to increased blood flow, typically during exercise.

A measurement of the difference in blood pressure between the upper and lower legs, especially the thigh.

Blood vessels that develop to provide alternative routes for blood flow to bypass blockages or narrowing in arteries.

Waveforms that show two distinct peaks on the Doppler ultrasound, suggesting normal blood flow.

The ability of the body to maintain normal blood flow to tissues despite the presence of blockages or narrowing in arteries.

A technique used to measure the blood pressure in different segments of the legs. Four cuffs are placed on the upper thigh, lower thigh, calf, and ankle.

The normal pressure difference between the upper thigh and the brachial pressure. It typically ranges from 30-40 mmHg.

The normal pressure difference between the proximal thigh and the brachial pressure. It typically ranges from 30-40 mmHg. This difference is typically greater in the proximal thigh due to the higher pressure needed to overcome the resistance of blood flow through the larger arteries of the thigh.

A physical examination maneuver used to diagnose Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS), a condition that affects the nerves and blood vessels in the space between the collarbone and first rib.

A physical assessment that checks for abnormalities in the radial pulse during specific movements. A positive test signifies a potential issue with the nerves or blood vessels in the neck and shoulder.

The condition affecting nerves and blood vessels in the space between the collarbone and first rib, usually causing pain, numbness, tingling, and impaired circulation in the arm and hand.

The measurement of blood pressure taken at the wrist using a specialized cuff.

A measurement of blood pressure taken in individual fingers, which helps assess blood flow in the digital arteries.

A method of measuring blood pressure in the thigh using three separate cuffs placed on the upper thigh, lower thigh, and calf. It is considered the most accurate method for thigh pressure assessment.

A smaller cuff (2.5 cm) is used to assess digit pressure, while a larger cuff (7 cm) is typically used for assessing wrist pressure.

A technique for evaluating blood flow in the legs by using four cuffs placed on the upper thigh, lower thigh, calf, and ankle.

In the 4 Cuff Method, the smaller cuffs used for thigh pressure are typically smaller than the cuff used in the 3 Cuff method.

The smaller cuffs used in the 4 Cuff Method tend to overestimate the thigh pressure compared to the larger cuff used in the 3 Cuff Method.

The larger cuff used in the 3 Cuff Method provides a more accurate thigh pressure measurement compared to the smaller cuffs used in the 4 Cuff Method.

A condition that mimics claudication but is not caused by decreased blood flow. Instead, it results from orthopedic or neurogenic issues (like nerve compression or spinal stenosis).

A narrowing or blockage of an artery, which restricts blood flow. This is a common cause of claudication and other circulatory problems.

Blood vessels that develop to provide alternative routes for blood flow when a primary artery is blocked or narrowed. They help maintain circulation to tissues.

The ability of the body to widen blood vessels in response to increased blood flow, especially during exercise. This is a normal response that helps deliver more oxygen to working muscles.

A measurement of the difference in blood pressure between the upper and lower legs, especially the thigh. This test helps identify potential blockages in arteries.

A technique used to measure the blood pressure in different segments of the legs. Four cuffs are placed on the upper thigh, lower thigh, calf, and ankle.

A test where the patient walks for a specific duration without experiencing pain. This usually indicates normal blood flow to the legs.

A significant narrowing or blockage of the arteries supplying blood to the legs, causing very low blood flow. This is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.

A condition affecting nerves and blood vessels in the space between the collarbone and first rib, often causing pain, numbness, tingling, and impairment of circulation in the arm and hand.

A physical examination maneuver used to diagnose Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS). It involves specific movements to assess the radial pulse.

Reactive hyperemia is the temporary increase in blood flow to an area that was previously deprived of oxygen due to a lack of blood supply. This occurs after the blockage is removed, allowing for a rush of blood to the area.

Segmental pressure exams measure blood pressure at different points in the leg to assess the health of the arteries and identify potential blockages. Pressure differences between segments can indicate narrowing or blockages in specific areas.

Reactive hyperemia testing helps assess the health of arteries in the legs by simulating exercise for patients unable to perform treadmill tests. Occlusive cuffs are used to restrict blood flow, and then the rate of blood flow recovery is measured after the cuffs are released.

A decrease in blood pressure between the upper arm and the radial artery suggests a potential narrowing or blockage of the radial artery. This can be an early sign of peripheral artery disease.

The four-cuff method for segmental pressure measurement uses cuffs placed on the upper thigh, lower thigh, calf, and ankle to assess blood flow in the legs. This is a common method for diagnosing peripheral artery disease.

It is a ratio that compares the blood pressure in the ankles to the blood pressure in the arms. It helps assess the health of the arteries in the legs.

An ABI value below 0.9 indicates a potential arterial disease.

It is a condition impacting the arteries delivering blood to the legs, resulting in narrowed or blocked vessels and reduced blood flow.

A prominent dicrotic notch on the arterial PPG waveform indicates normal blood flow.

An abnormal arterial PPG waveform is characterized by a slow upslope and downslope, suggesting reduced blood flow.

It indicates a moderate level of peripheral artery disease (PAD).

The pressure measured in the proximal thigh should be 30-40mmHg higher than the brachial pressure.

A large pressure difference between segments indicates a significant difference in blood pressure between adjacent areas of the leg, suggesting a possible blockage or narrowing of the artery.

If the pressure in the calf is much lower than the pressure in the thigh, it may suggest a narrowing or blockage in the popliteal artery, which is located behind the knee.

The Catacrotic limb indicates the rate of blood flow after the peak systolic pressure declines.

A cuff size of 7 cm is typically used for assessing wrist pressure, while a smaller cuff size of 2.5 cm is used to assess digit pressure.

A decrease in pressure between the upper arm and the radial artery (30 mmHg or more) suggests a potential narrowing or blockage of the radial artery. This can be an early sign of peripheral artery disease.

A smaller 2.5 cm cuff is used to measure blood pressure in individual fingers to assess blood flow in the digital arteries.

A larger 7 cm cuff is typically used to assess blood pressure at the wrist.

This method is considered the most accurate way to assess thigh pressure. It involves using three separate cuffs placed on the upper thigh, lower thigh, and calf.

This technique uses smaller cuffs to obtain two separate thigh pressure readings, one for the upper thigh and one for the lower thigh.

The smaller cuffs used in the 4 Cuff Method often tend to overestimate thigh pressure compared to the larger cuff used in the 3 Cuff Method.

A patient complaining about noise on the treadmill is not a valid reason to terminate an exercise test for a lower extremity arterial exam. It's important to continue the test unless there are other medical concerns.

The pressure in the proximal thigh should be 30-40 mmHg higher than the brachial pressure. This difference can vary based on the individual.

A condition where the arteries supplying blood to the legs are narrowed or blocked, leading to restricted blood flow. This can cause pain, cramping, numbness, or even wounds that are hard to heal.

This is a measure of blood pressure in the thigh. It is important in diagnosing and managing peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Using a cuff size too small for the thigh can overestimate the blood pressure, making it seem higher than it actually is.

This is a condition that mimics claudication (leg pain with walking) but is not caused by decreased blood flow. Instead, it could be related to nerve compression or spinal stenosis.

A measurement of pressure differences between different segments of the leg (thigh, calf, ankle). It assists in pinpointing potential areas of blockage or narrowing.

Using a specialized cuff on the digits (fingers or toes), this measures blood pressure in these smaller arteries to assess circulation and identify potential problems.

Toe pressure is considered normal if it is at least 60% of the systolic brachial pressure, which translates to 70 mmHg or more for a brachial pressure of 116 mmHg.

A false reduction in ankle pressure can occur if the cuff is too large, leading to an inaccurate reading.

The development of new blood vessels (collateral formation) can compensate for blockage in the arteries, allowing for a seemingly normal exercise exam even after an abnormal resting exam.

A cuff that is too loose during the ankle pressure test can lead to a false elevation of the ankle pressure reading.

A brachial obstruction affects the pressure in both the radial and ulnar arteries in the forearm, as they both receive blood from the brachial artery.

Progressive thrombosis of the SVC, usually related to an adjacent malignant tumor formation.

Reactive hyperemia is the temporary increase in blood flow to an area that was previously deprived of oxygen due to a lack of blood supply. This occurs after the blockage is removed, allowing for a rush of blood to the area.

A patient complaining about noise on the treadmill is not a valid reason to terminate an exercise test for a lower extremity arterial exam. It's important to continue the test unless there are other medical concerns.

A decrease in pressure between the upper arm and the radial artery (30 mmHg or more) suggests a potential narrowing or blockage of the radial artery. This can be an early sign of peripheral artery disease.

The pressure in the proximal thigh should be 30-40 mmHg higher than the brachial pressure. It's a normal finding and indicates that the blood flow is adequate to the leg.

A diabetic patient with a history of chronic renal failure and dialysis treatment may have medial calcification, leading to an overestimation of ankle pressures during a segmental pressure exam.

A patient with a hemodialysis graft should never have their arm used for blood pressure measurements. Applying external pressure to the arm can cause graft failure.

Whenever a patient reports pain in their legs or chest during an exercise test, the exam should be terminated immediately.

A segmental pressure exam should always record the duration of the exercise, location of the symptoms, and any changes in ankle pressures.

A diabetic patient with a history of chronic renal failure and dialysis treatment may not be able to stay in a supine position for long, requiring adjustments to the segmental pressure exam.

The supine position should be avoided in dialysis patients due to potential health issues, so the segmental pressure exam may need to be performed with the patient seated.

A noisy treadmill is not a valid reason to terminate a lower extremity arterial exam. It's crucial to continue the test unless other medical concerns arise.

For a patient with claudication, leg pain will not be associated with a drop in ankle pressure during an exercise test. This indicates pseudoclaudication, not true vascular issues.

A decrease in pressure between the upper arm and the radial artery (30 mmHg or more) suggests a potential narrowing or blockage of the radial artery. This can be an early sign of peripheral artery disease.

If a patient has suspected or known acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT), doppler waveforms and TBI should be used, and cuffs should never be placed on a leg with DVT. Anticoagulant therapy helps prevent clot propagation, but it does not provide thrombolytic therapy and the DVT likely will not have recanalized in such a short period of time.

A noisy treadmill is not a valid reason to terminate a lower extremity segmental pressure exam. Continue the test unless there are other medical concerns.

Using a cuff size that is too small for the thigh can overestimate the blood pressure, making it appear higher than it actually is.

Segmental pressures measure pressure differences between various leg segments, such as the thigh, calf, and ankle. This helps pinpoint potential blockages in arteries.

A decrease in pressure between the upper arm and the radial artery of 30 mmHg or more suggests a potential narrowing or blockage of the radial artery.

A false reduction in ankle pressure during an exam can occur if the cuff is too large, leading to an inaccurate reading.

Digit pressure measurement assesses blood flow in smaller arteries of the fingers or toes using a specialized cuff.