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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the tibialis anterior muscle?
What is the purpose of the anterior talofibular ligament?
What is the purpose of the deltoid ligament?
What is the purpose of the tibialis posterior muscle?
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What is Positional Release Therapy (PRT)?
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What structures of the ankle and lower leg can benefit from PRT?
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What is the purpose of the peroneus brevis muscle?
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What is the palpation procedure for the peroneus brevis muscle?
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What is the function of the tibialis anterior muscle?
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What is the purpose of the anterior talofibular ligament?
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What is the purpose of the deltoid ligament?
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What is the purpose of the tibialis posterior muscle?
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What is Positional Release Therapy (PRT)?
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What structures of the ankle and lower leg can benefit from PRT?
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What is the purpose of the peroneus brevis muscle?
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What is the palpation procedure for the peroneus brevis muscle?
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What muscle stabilizes the arch during ambulation?
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Which ligament stabilizes against hindfoot eversion?
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What muscle extends the second through fifth toes and assists with ankle dorsiflexion and foot eversion?
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What is the purpose of Positional Release Therapy (PRT)?
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What structures in the ankle and lower leg can benefit from PRT?
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What is the peroneus brevis muscle innervated by?
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What is the PRT clinician procedure for peroneus brevis muscle?
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What is the purpose of PRT in sports medicine and rehabilitation settings?
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What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?
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Which ligament is the weakest and most commonly torn lateral collateral ligament of the ankle?
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What is the primary function of the tibialis posterior muscle?
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What is the palpation procedure for the extensor digitorum longus muscle?
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What is the primary function of the gastrocnemius muscle?
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What is the primary use of PRT?
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What is the PRT clinician procedure for treating peroneus longus and brevis muscles?
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What is the primary use of the PRT procedure for peroneus longus and brevis muscles?
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What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?
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Which ligament is the weakest and most commonly torn lateral collateral ligament of the ankle?
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What is the purpose of Positional Release Therapy (PRT)?
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Which muscle is deep to the peroneus longus muscle and can be felt on either side of the longus tendon at the lower third of the ankle?
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Which ligament is composed of four ligaments that fan distally from the medial malleolus to their respective insertion sites?
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What is the palpation procedure for the extensor digitorum longus muscle?
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Which muscle is targeted with PRT by having the patient plantar flex the ankle while the knee is flexed?
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What is the PRT clinician procedure for the peroneus longus and brevis muscles?
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What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?
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Which ligament is the weakest and one of the most commonly torn lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle?
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What is the palpation procedure for the extensor digitorum longus muscle?
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What is the primary function of the tibialis posterior muscle?
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What is the purpose of PRT?
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What is the PRT procedure for the peroneus longus and brevis muscles?
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What is the purpose of the PRT procedure for the calcaneofibular ligament?
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Which muscles and tendons can be treated with PRT for posterior structures in the ankle and lower leg?
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Which muscle assists in slowing foot and ankle pronation during the initial phases of gait?
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Which ligament is the weakest and one of the most commonly torn lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle?
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Which muscle helps to stabilize the arch during ambulation?
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What is the purpose of Positional Release Therapy (PRT)?
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Which ligament limits ankle inversion and can be targeted with PRT?
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Which muscle is deep to the peroneus longus and can be felt on either side of the longus tendon at the lower third of the ankle?
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What is the PRT clinician procedure for treating peroneus longus and brevis muscles?
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What is the purpose of patient self-treatment procedures in PRT?
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Study Notes
Palpation and Treatment Procedures for Ankle and Lower Leg Structures
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The tibialis anterior muscle assists in slowing foot and ankle pronation during the initial phases of gait.
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The tibialis anterior muscle palpation procedure involves finding the muscle belly located at the upper two thirds of the tibia and following its course to its tendinous aspect.
-
The extensor digitorum longus muscle extends the second through fifth toes and assists with ankle dorsiflexion and foot eversion.
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The extensor digitorum longus muscle palpation procedure involves sliding laterally off of the tibialis anterior onto the muscle belly of the extensor digitorum longus and palpating while the patient extends the lesser toes.
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The anterior talofibular ligament stabilizes against ankle inversion and prevents anterior luxation of the talus when in a plantarflexed position.
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The anterior talofibular ligament palpation procedure involves moving anteriorly off the anterior portion of the lateral malleolus toward the neck of the talus.
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The deltoid ligament is composed of four ligaments that fan distally from the medial malleolus and stabilizes against hindfoot eversion.
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The deltoid ligament palpation procedure involves strumming across the thickening of the tibiocalcaneal ligament and determining the location of any tender points or fasciculatory response.
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The tibialis posterior muscle helps to stabilize the arch during ambulation.
-
The tibialis posterior muscle palpation procedure involves tracing the tendon just medial to the medial malleolus upward along the shaft of the tibia and rolling the fingers upward against the posterior lateral shaft of the tibia.
-
PRT clinician procedures for these structures involve various movements and compressions to produce joint glides and fine-tune internal and external rotation.
-
Patient self-treatment procedures involve externally rotating the ankle and compressing it toward the knee by pushing upward against the calcaneus until the fasciculation has subsided or abated.Positional Release Therapy for Ankle and Lower Leg Structures
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Positional Release Therapy (PRT) is a manual therapy technique used to treat musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction.
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PRT involves finding tender points or fasciculations in the muscles, ligaments, and tendons of the ankle and lower leg, and then using gentle positioning and compression to release tension and promote healing.
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PRT can be performed by a clinician or by the patient themselves as a self-treatment procedure.
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The ankle and lower leg have several structures that can benefit from PRT, including the tibialis posterior muscle and tendon, the Achilles tendon, the soleus muscle, the gastrocnemius muscle, and the calcaneofibular ligament.
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For each structure, there are specific palpation and treatment procedures that involve positioning the affected area in a certain way and applying gentle compression or rotation.
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PRT can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including ankle sprains, plantar fasciitis, and Achilles tendinopathy.
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PRT is generally safe and well-tolerated, but should only be performed by trained professionals or under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
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PRT can be used in conjunction with other treatments, such as physical therapy and medication, to improve outcomes for patients.
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PRT is a non-invasive and cost-effective alternative to more invasive treatments like surgery.
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PRT has been shown to be effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with musculoskeletal conditions.
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PRT is gaining popularity as a complementary therapy in sports medicine and rehabilitation settings.
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PRT is a promising technique for treating ankle and lower leg pain and dysfunction, and further research is needed to fully understand its potential benefits and limitations.Positional Release Therapy Procedure for Ankle and Lower Leg Lateral Structures
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Peroneal muscles are commonly strained with inversion ankle sprains
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Peroneus brevis muscle is deep to the peroneus longus muscle fibers
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Popliteus muscle originates from the fibular head and upper two thirds of the fibular shaft
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Peroneus longus muscle insertion is at the lateral plantar base of the first metatarsal and first cuneiform
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The longus muscle assists in foot eversion and ankle plantar flexion, as well as supporting the arches
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The peroneus brevis muscle is innervated by L5-S1 via the superficial peroneal nerve
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Palpation procedure involves locating the fibular head and strumming across the peroneus longus muscle belly
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During palpation, the patient is asked to evert the foot to accentuate the muscle location
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The peroneus brevis muscle is palpated by sliding fingers off either side of the tendon onto the muscle belly and repeating the strumming procedure
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The most dominant tender point or fasciculation is maintained with light pressure throughout the PRT treatment procedure
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PRT clinician procedure involves the patient being prone with the knee flexed and ankle moved through its range of motion
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PRT clinician applies marked ankle eversion, coupled with heavy calcaneal compression and external tibial rotation, and forefoot eversion for fine-tuning.
Positional Release Therapy for Ankle and Lower Leg: Anterior and Medial Structures
-
The tibialis anterior muscle assists in slowing foot and ankle pronation during the initial phases of gait.
-
The extensor digitorum longus muscle extends the second through fifth toes and assists with ankle dorsiflexion and foot eversion.
-
The anterior talofibular ligament is the weakest and one of the most commonly torn lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle.
-
The deltoid ligament is composed of four ligaments that fan distally from the medial malleolus to their respective insertion sites.
-
The tibialis posterior muscle helps to stabilize the arch during ambulation.
-
The palpation procedure for the tibialis anterior muscle involves finding its belly at the upper two thirds of the tibia and tracing its tendon medially across the ankle joint.
-
The palpation procedure for the extensor digitorum longus muscle involves locating it between the tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles and having the patient extend the lesser toes against resistance.
-
The palpation procedure for the anterior talofibular ligament involves moving anteriorly off the anterior portion of the lateral malleolus toward the neck of the talus.
-
The palpation procedure for the deltoid ligament involves strumming across the thickening of the tibiocalcaneal ligament and determining the location of any tender points or fasciculatory response of the ligament and its origin and attachment.
-
The deep palpation procedure for the tibialis posterior muscle and tendon involves tracing the tendon just medial to the medial malleolus upward along the shaft of the tibia and rolling the fingers upward against the posterior lateral shaft of the tibia to apply indirect pressure to the posterior tibialis musculature.
-
PRT clinician procedures for these structures involve various combinations of ankle movements and compressions to produce joint glides and affect corollary tissues.
-
Patient self-treatment procedures involve grasping the heel and moving the ankle and foot into specific positions while feeling for the most relaxed tissue position and also the presence of a fasciculation, followed by external rotation of the ankle and compression toward the knee by pushing upward against the calcaneus until the fasciculation has subsided or abated.Positional Release Therapy for Ankle and Lower Leg Structures
-
Positional Release Therapy (PRT) is a technique used to alleviate pain and tension in specific muscles and ligaments in the ankle and lower leg.
-
PRT involves the use of gentle pressure and positioning to achieve a relaxed state in the targeted tissue.
-
PRT is effective for treating medial and posterior structures in the ankle and lower leg, including the tibialis posterior muscle and tendon, Achilles tendon, soleus muscle, and gastrocnemius muscle.
-
PRT can be performed by a clinician or self-administered by the patient.
-
For medial structures, the clinician or patient can use the calcaneus as a fulcrum and move the lower leg and ankle into marked internal rotation and plantar flexion with the far hand.
-
For posterior structures, the clinician or patient can palpate the Achilles tendon and slide the fingers off its borders to locate the lower portions of the soleus muscle.
-
Gastrocnemius muscle can be isolated from the soleus muscle by having the patient plantar flex the ankle while the knee is flexed.
-
The calcaneofibular ligament, which limits ankle inversion, can also be targeted with PRT.
-
PRT can be performed by placing the involved side on the opposite thigh and moving the ankle into maximal plantar flexion and inversion while feeling for the most relaxed tissue position and fasciculation.
-
Once the most relaxed position or strong fasciculation is found, inversion and internal rotation of the ankle can be applied, followed by cephalad calcaneal compression toward the knee.
-
PRT can be used to treat a variety of conditions, such as ankle sprains, tendinitis, and muscle strains.
-
PRT is a non-invasive technique that can be used as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with other therapies.Positional Release Therapy Procedure for Peroneus Longus and Brevis Muscles
-
Peroneal muscles are commonly strained with ankle sprains and can produce avulsion fractures.
-
The brevis muscle is deep to the longus and can be felt on either side of the longus tendon at the lower third of the ankle.
-
The peroneus longus muscle assists with foot eversion, ankle plantar flexion, and supports the longitudinal and transverse arches.
-
The palpation procedure involves locating the fibular head and strumming across the peroneus longus muscle belly to its tendinous aspect, then sliding fingers off either side of the tendon onto the muscle belly of the brevis and repeating the strumming procedure.
-
Tender points or fasciculatory response of the muscles and their tendons and attachment sites should be noted for PRT treatment.
-
The PRT clinician procedure involves the patient being prone with the knee flexed to 90° and the shin supported, moving the ankle through its range of motion to find the optimal treatment position.
-
The clinician applies marked ankle eversion coupled with heavy calcaneal compression, external tibial rotation, and forefoot eversion for fine-tuning.
-
Corollary tissues treated include peroneal tendons, peroneus tertius, and extensor digitorum brevis.
-
The procedure is for use only in Positional Release Therapy Course 2-Sport Medics.
-
The procedure is described in T. Speicher's Clinical Guide to Positional Release Therapy.
-
A video (5.7) is available for the peroneus longus and brevis PRT procedure.
-
The procedure is used to treat lateral structures of the ankle and lower leg.
Positional Release Therapy for Ankle and Lower Leg: Anterior and Medial Structures
-
The tibialis anterior muscle assists in slowing foot and ankle pronation during the initial phases of gait.
-
The extensor digitorum longus muscle extends the second through fifth toes and assists with ankle dorsiflexion and foot eversion.
-
The anterior talofibular ligament is the weakest and one of the most commonly torn lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle.
-
The deltoid ligament is composed of four ligaments that fan distally from the medial malleolus to their respective insertion sites.
-
The tibialis posterior muscle helps to stabilize the arch during ambulation.
-
The palpation procedure for the tibialis anterior muscle involves finding its belly at the upper two thirds of the tibia and tracing its tendon medially across the ankle joint.
-
The palpation procedure for the extensor digitorum longus muscle involves locating it between the tibialis anterior and peroneal muscles and having the patient extend the lesser toes against resistance.
-
The palpation procedure for the anterior talofibular ligament involves moving anteriorly off the anterior portion of the lateral malleolus toward the neck of the talus.
-
The palpation procedure for the deltoid ligament involves strumming across the thickening of the tibiocalcaneal ligament and determining the location of any tender points or fasciculatory response of the ligament and its origin and attachment.
-
The deep palpation procedure for the tibialis posterior muscle and tendon involves tracing the tendon just medial to the medial malleolus upward along the shaft of the tibia and rolling the fingers upward against the posterior lateral shaft of the tibia to apply indirect pressure to the posterior tibialis musculature.
-
PRT clinician procedures for these structures involve various combinations of ankle movements and compressions to produce joint glides and affect corollary tissues.
-
Patient self-treatment procedures involve grasping the heel and moving the ankle and foot into specific positions while feeling for the most relaxed tissue position and also the presence of a fasciculation, followed by external rotation of the ankle and compression toward the knee by pushing upward against the calcaneus until the fasciculation has subsided or abated.Positional Release Therapy for Ankle and Lower Leg Structures
-
Positional Release Therapy (PRT) is a technique used to alleviate pain and tension in specific muscles and ligaments in the ankle and lower leg.
-
PRT involves the use of gentle pressure and positioning to achieve a relaxed state in the targeted tissue.
-
PRT is effective for treating medial and posterior structures in the ankle and lower leg, including the tibialis posterior muscle and tendon, Achilles tendon, soleus muscle, and gastrocnemius muscle.
-
PRT can be performed by a clinician or self-administered by the patient.
-
For medial structures, the clinician or patient can use the calcaneus as a fulcrum and move the lower leg and ankle into marked internal rotation and plantar flexion with the far hand.
-
For posterior structures, the clinician or patient can palpate the Achilles tendon and slide the fingers off its borders to locate the lower portions of the soleus muscle.
-
Gastrocnemius muscle can be isolated from the soleus muscle by having the patient plantar flex the ankle while the knee is flexed.
-
The calcaneofibular ligament, which limits ankle inversion, can also be targeted with PRT.
-
PRT can be performed by placing the involved side on the opposite thigh and moving the ankle into maximal plantar flexion and inversion while feeling for the most relaxed tissue position and fasciculation.
-
Once the most relaxed position or strong fasciculation is found, inversion and internal rotation of the ankle can be applied, followed by cephalad calcaneal compression toward the knee.
-
PRT can be used to treat a variety of conditions, such as ankle sprains, tendinitis, and muscle strains.
-
PRT is a non-invasive technique that can be used as a standalone treatment or in conjunction with other therapies.Positional Release Therapy Procedure for Peroneus Longus and Brevis Muscles
-
Peroneal muscles are commonly strained with ankle sprains and can produce avulsion fractures.
-
The brevis muscle is deep to the longus and can be felt on either side of the longus tendon at the lower third of the ankle.
-
The peroneus longus muscle assists with foot eversion, ankle plantar flexion, and supports the longitudinal and transverse arches.
-
The palpation procedure involves locating the fibular head and strumming across the peroneus longus muscle belly to its tendinous aspect, then sliding fingers off either side of the tendon onto the muscle belly of the brevis and repeating the strumming procedure.
-
Tender points or fasciculatory response of the muscles and their tendons and attachment sites should be noted for PRT treatment.
-
The PRT clinician procedure involves the patient being prone with the knee flexed to 90° and the shin supported, moving the ankle through its range of motion to find the optimal treatment position.
-
The clinician applies marked ankle eversion coupled with heavy calcaneal compression, external tibial rotation, and forefoot eversion for fine-tuning.
-
Corollary tissues treated include peroneal tendons, peroneus tertius, and extensor digitorum brevis.
-
The procedure is for use only in Positional Release Therapy Course 2-Sport Medics.
-
The procedure is described in T. Speicher's Clinical Guide to Positional Release Therapy.
-
A video (5.7) is available for the peroneus longus and brevis PRT procedure.
-
The procedure is used to treat lateral structures of the ankle and lower leg.
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Description
Test your knowledge of palpation and treatment procedures for ankle and lower leg structures with this informative quiz. Learn about the anatomy and function of key muscles, ligaments, and tendons in the ankle and lower leg, and discover how Positional Release Therapy (PRT) can be used to alleviate pain and improve function. From the tibialis anterior muscle to the peroneus brevis muscle, this quiz covers a range of structures and their specific palpation and treatment procedures. Whether you're a
