Ankle Anatomy and Retinacula Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What symptom is commonly associated with weakness and atrophy of intrinsic foot muscles?

Immediate relief after walking

Constant numbness without movement

Worsening symptoms with walking (correct)

Pain during rest

What does a positive Tinel sign indicate?

Weakness of the foot muscles

Foot swelling and inflammation

Radiating paresthesia from nerve irritation (correct)

Bone fracture in the foot

Where is the flexor retinaculum located in relation to the medial malleolus?

Anterior to the medial malleolus

Lateral to the medial malleolus

Posterior to the medial malleolus (correct)

Superior to the medial malleolus

In severe cases of intrinsic foot muscle atrophy, when are symptoms likely to worsen?

When standing for long periods Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary symptom associated with intrinsic foot muscle weakness?

Immediate recovery after walking Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the flexor retinaculum?

To hold the long flexor tendons in position Signup and view all the answers

Where is the flexor retinaculum located?

Behind the medial malleolus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the tarsal tunnel?

Tibialis Anterior Tendon Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of extensor retinaculum?

Inferior and Superior Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the extensor retinaculum?

It holds the long extensor tendons in position. Signup and view all the answers

How does the flexor retinaculum affect the tarsal tunnel?

It converts the space into an osteo-fascial tunnel. Signup and view all the answers

Which tendon is located most medially within the tarsal tunnel?

Tibialis posterior tendon Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the inferior extensor retinaculum resemble?

Y-shape Signup and view all the answers

Which tendon is located deep to the extensor retinaculum?

Fibularis tertius tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the peroneal retinaculum?

To hold the tendons of the lateral compartment of the leg Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is found superficial to the peroneal retinaculum?

Small saphenous vein Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Fracture of the medial malleolus Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is the terminal branch of the anterior tibial artery located deep to the extensor retinaculum?

Dorsalis pedis artery Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with tarsal tunnel syndrome?

Neuropathic pain in the heel Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures lies deep to the extensor retinaculum from medial to lateral?

Extensor Hallucis longus tendon Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is located deep to the extensor retinaculum?

Deep peroneal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ankle Retinacula

Thickening of deep fascia that holds tendons in position at the ankle.
Help create compartments and tunnels for nerve and tendon passage.

Flexor Retinaculum

Located on the medial aspect of the ankle behind the medial malleolus.
Forms the tarsal tunnel.

Tarsal Tunnel

Contains the following structures from medial to lateral:
- Tibialis posterior tendon
- Flexor digitorum longus tendon
- Posterior tibial artery
- Posterior tibial nerve
- Flexor hallucis longus tendon

Extensor Retinaculum

Located across the front of the ankle.
Divided into superior and inferior extensor retinaculum.
Superior Extensor Retinaculum: Holds extensor tendons in place.
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum: Y-shaped, holds extensor tendons deeper in position.
Structures deep to the Extensor Retinaculum (medial to lateral):
- Tibialis anterior tendon
- Extensor hallucis longus tendon
- Dorsalis pedis artery
- Anterior tibial nerve
- Extensor digitorum longus tendons
- Fibularis tertius tendon
Structures superficial to the Extensor Retinaculum:
- Great saphenous vein
- Saphenous nerve

Peroneal Retinaculum

Located on the lateral side of the ankle behind the lateral malleolus.
Holds the peroneus longus and brevis tendons in place.
Structures deep to the peroneal retinaculum:
- Peroneus longus tendon
- Peroneus brevis tendon
Structures superficial to the peroneal retinaculum:
- Small saphenous vein
- Sural nerve

Clinical Correlation: Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Entrapment syndrome caused by pressure on the contents of the tarsal tunnel.
Causes include:
- Fracture of the talus, calcaneus, and medial malleolus
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Symptoms:
- Neuropathic pain and paresthesia in the heel, sole of the foot, and first three toes
- Weakness and atrophy of intrinsic foot muscles (in severe cases)
- Symptoms worsen with walking, prolonged standing, and at night.
Positive Tinel sign: Radiating paresthesia triggered by tapping the flexor retinaculum, posterior to the medial malleolus.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the ankle, focusing on the various retinacula including the flexor and extensor retinacula. Learn about their locations, structures contained within, and their functions in maintaining tendon position. This quiz is perfect for students of anatomy and physiology.