Animalia: Characteristics and Classification
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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic distinguishes Pseudocoelomata from Coelomata?

  • The completeness of the body cavity lining by mesoderm. (correct)
  • The presence of a digestive tract.
  • The presence of a mesoderm layer.
  • The absence of an ectoderm layer.

An animal is described as triploblastic. What does this imply about its embryonic development?

  • It lacks a body cavity.
  • It develops from three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. (correct)
  • Its body cavity is completely lined with mesoderm.
  • It only possesses ectoderm and endoderm layers.

In which type of animal is the mesenteron typically found?

  • Aselomata
  • Diploblastica
  • Coelomata (correct)
  • Pseudocoelomata

Which of the following animals possesses a body cavity that is NOT completely lined by mesoderm?

<p>Nemathelminthes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the body plan of an acoelomate animal differ from that of a coelomate animal regarding the arrangement of tissue layers around the gut?

<p>Acoelomates lack a body cavity, with the mesoderm filling the space between the endoderm and ectoderm; coelomates have a body cavity lined by mesoderm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT universally found in all members of the Animalia kingdom?

<p>Autotrophic mode of nutrition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism is discovered that is multicellular, lacks cell walls, and ingests its food. It also has bilateral symmetry. To which kingdom does it most likely belong?

<p>Animalia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An animal can be divided into equal halves along a single plane. This type of symmetry is known as:

<p>Bilateral symmetry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of bilaterally symmetrical animals?

<p>Specialization of body regions into anterior and posterior ends. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An organism possesses radial symmetry. Which of the following is most likely true about its body plan?

<p>Its body parts are arranged around a central axis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with animals that exhibit radial symmetry?

<p>Sessile or planktonic lifestyle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents the correct order of the first four listed phyla, from simplest to most complex, based on general body plan and organization ?

<p>Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the anatomical orientation of the terms 'dorsal' and 'ventral' in bilaterally symmetrical animals?

<p>Dorsal refers to the back or upper surface, while ventral refers to the belly or lower surface. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes organisms in the Radiata group from other Metazoa?

<p>Radial symmetry dividing the body into oral and aboral sections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the notochord in chordates?

<p>Supporting the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes diploblastic organisms?

<p>Organisms with two germ layers: ectoderm and endoderm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between vertebrates and invertebrates based on the text?

<p>Vertebrates possess a notochord, while invertebrates do not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the table, which systems are present in organism 2?

<p>Only respiration and circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Examine the table for the presence of the excretory and respiratory systems across different organisms. Which of the following statements can be accurately concluded?

<p>Organisms 1 and 2 lack excretory system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the classification criteria for Metazoa, including body symmetry and embryonic layers. Which of the following statements accurately reflects a distinction between Porifera and more complex metazoans?

<p>Porifera lack true tissues and organs, instead having specialized cells for specific functions, while more complex metazoans have distinct tissue layers derived from embryonic germ layers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about the relationship between digestive, coordination, and respiratory systems based on the chart?

<p>Some organisms do not have a coordination system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Animalia

A kingdom of multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophic and lack cell walls.

Multicellular (Metazoa)

Organisms made up of many cells.

Eukaryotic

Cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Heterotroph

An organism that cannot produce its own food and must consume organic matter.

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Bilateral Symmetry

Body plan where the organism can be divided into two symmetrical halves along a single plane.

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Dorsal

The top or back surface of an organism.

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Ventral

The bottom or abdominal surface of an organism.

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Radial Symmetry

Body plan where the organism has symmetrical arrangement of body parts around a central axis.

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Notochord

A supportive rod in metazoans made of cartilage or bone.

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Vertebrates

Animals with a backbone or spinal column.

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Invertebrates

Animals without a backbone or spinal column.

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Aboral

The surface opposite the mouth in radially symmetrical animals.

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Diploblastic

A body with two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm).

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Ectoderm/Epidermis

Outer layer; develops into skin and nervous system.

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Ectoderm

The outermost germ layer; develops into the skin and nervous system.

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Mesoderm

The middle germ layer; develops into muscles, blood vessels, and internal organs.

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Endoderm

The innermost germ layer; develops into the digestive tract lining and associated organs.

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Pseudoselomata

A body cavity that is not completely lined by mesoderm.

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Study Notes

  • Animalia is a well-developed kingdom in the classification of living things.

Animalia Characteristics

  • Multicellular/metazoan, the body is composed of a collection of cells.
  • Eukaryotic, the cell nucleus has a membrane.
  • Body cells do not have cell walls.
  • Heterotrophic, unable to produce their own food.
  • Does not contain chlorophyll.
  • Habitat in aquatic or terrestrial environments.
  • Animalia is divided into 9 phyla, based on kinship and level of development: Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata.

Metazoa Classification

  • Metazoa are classified based on body symmetry, notochord, embryonic layers, and body cavity.
  • Body symmetry describes the symmetry that can be formed by an individual when a line is drawn through its body.

Types of Symmetry

  • Bilateral Symmetry: Only one symmetry is present when the body is cut through the mouth and anus, creating equal left and right sides.
    • Characteristics:
      • The body is divided into dorsal (upper/back) and ventral (lower/abdomen) sections.
      • The body is divided into anterior (upper/head) and posterior/caudal (lower/tail) sections.
    • Examples: Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Chordata.
  • Radial Symmetry: Multiple symmetries are present, usually with a circular body structure. Animals with radial symmetry are called radiata.
    • Characteristics: The body is only divided into oral (upper) and aboral (lower) sections.
    • Examples: Porifera, Coelenterata, and Echinodermata

Notochord

  • A support cord made of cartilage or bone located in metazoa.
  • Metazoa are differentiated based on the presence or absence of a notochord.
    • Vertebrates: Animals with a backbone.
    • Invertebrates: Animals without a backbone.

Embryonic Layers

  • Layers formed due to cell differentiation during embryonic development.

Types of Embryonic Layers

  • Diploblastic: The body is composed of an ectoderm/epidermis (outer) layer and an endoderm (inner) layer, sometimes with a mesoglea layer.
    • Examples: Porifera and Coelenterata.
  • Triploblastic: The body is composed of an ectoderm/epidermis layer, a mesoderm (middle) layer, and an endoderm layer
    • Examples: Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata.

Body Cavity

  • The part located near the mesoderm in triploblastic animals.

Types of Body Cavities

  • Coelomate: The body cavity develops into a mesenteron containing internal organs, lined by mesoderm, and connecting the dorsal and ventral parts.
  • Pseudocoelomate: A false body cavity that separates the digestive tract from the outer wall and is not lined by mesoderm.
  • Acoelomate: The body cavity is absent in the animal.

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Description

Explore the Animalia kingdom, its characteristics such as being multicellular and heterotrophic. Learn about metazoa classification based on body symmetry, including bilateral symmetry. Discover the nine phyla within Animalia.

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