63 Questions
What does the Animalia kingdom include?
The Animalia kingdom includes all the animals.
Where does the name 'animalia' come from?
The name 'animalia' is derived from Latin, anima = breath or soul.
What is the meaning of 'anima' in Latin?
In Latin, 'anima' means breath or soul.
Explain the distinction between Metazoa and Protozoa in traditional two-kingdom systems.
Metazoa refers to multicellular animals, while Protozoa refers to one-celled animals.
What was the purpose of using the term 'Metazoa' in traditional two-kingdom systems?
The term 'Metazoa' was used to broadly distinguish multicellular animals from one-celled animals, the Protozoa.
How were animals classified in traditional two-kingdom systems?
In traditional two-kingdom systems, animals were broadly classified as Metazoa and Protozoa to distinguish between multicellular and one-celled animals.
In the five kingdom classification system introduced by Robert Whittaker, to which kingdom do the traditional Protozoa belong?
Protoctista
What classification system was followed in the text book?
The five kingdom classification system introduced by Robert Whittaker
Who introduced the five kingdom classification system?
Robert Whittaker
What are the defining characteristics of organisms in the Kingdom Animalia?
Multicellular, diploid eukaryotic, ingestive heterotrophs, develop from two dissimilar haploid gametes (egg and sperm)
What distinguishes the Kingdom Animalia from other kingdoms?
The Kingdom Animalia consists of multicellular, diploid eukaryotic organisms that are ingestive heterotrophs and develop from two dissimilar haploid gametes (egg and sperm)
What are the reproductive characteristics of organisms in the Kingdom Animalia?
They develop from two dissimilar haploid gametes, a large egg and a smaller sperm
What are the debated questions regarding the evolution of animals from protoctists?
The debated questions include which protoctists, when, and in what sort of environments animals evolved from.
What is the general consensus among biologists regarding the evolution of animals from protoctists?
The general consensus among biologists is that animals evolved from protoctists.
What is the current status of the debate about the evolution of animals from protoctists?
The questions of which protoctists, when, and in what sort of environments animals evolved from are still actively debated.
Name two examples of the smallest animals mentioned in the text.
microscopic organisms and protoctists
What are two examples of the largest animals mentioned in the text?
whales and sea mammals
What phylum includes whales and sea mammals?
Chordata
Name the subkingdom to which the simplest animals belong and its corresponding phylum.
Subkingdom Parazoa (phylum Porifera)
What are the main characteristics of animals belonging to subkingdom Parazoa?
Lack of tissues organised into organs, indeterminate shape, and asymmetrical
What are the defining characteristics of animals in subkingdom Parazoa?
Lack of tissues organised into organs, and indeterminate shape, and asymmetrical
What are the defining characteristics of animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa?
Animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa have tissues organized into organs and organ systems, and include radially symmetrical animals (grade Radiata) and bilaterally symmetrical animals (grade Bilateria).
What is included in the sub kingdom Eumetazoa?
The sub kingdom Eumetazoa includes animals of other phyla with tissues organized into organs and organ systems, including radially symmetrical animals (grade Radiata) and bilaterally symmetrical animals (grade Bilateria).
What are the two grades of symmetrical animals included in the sub kingdom Eumetazoa?
The sub kingdom Eumetazoa includes radially symmetrical animals (grade Radiata) and bilaterally symmetrical animals (grade Bilateria).
What is the significance of subkingdom Eumetazoa in the animal kingdom?
Subkingdom Eumetazoa includes the simplest of the Eumetazoa and most of the phyla in the kingdom Animalia belong to this subkingdom. It categorizes animals based on the presence, absence, or type of body cavity found in them.
How are animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa organized compared to other Eumetazoa?
Animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa are much simpler in their organization compared to animals belonging to other Eumetazoa.
How many groups have the animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa been divided into and what is the basis of this division?
Animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa have been divided into three groups based on the presence, absence, or type of body cavity found in them.
Explain the three groups into which animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa have been divided based on the presence, absence, or type of body cavity found in them.
Animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa have been divided into acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and coelomates based on the presence, absence, or type of body cavity found in them.
What is the significance of subkingdom Eumetazoa in the animal kingdom?
Subkingdom Eumetazoa is significant in the animal kingdom as it includes a large number of phyla (about 29) and represents a diverse range of animal organisms with varying levels of complexity.
How are animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa organized compared to other Eumetazoa?
Animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa are much simpler in their organization compared to the animals belonging to other Eumetazoa, such as the presence of simpler body plans and organization.
Explain the three groups into which animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa have been divided based on the presence, absence, or type of body cavity found in them.
The three groups are Acoelomata (lack a body cavity), Pseudocoelomata (have a false coelom, the pseudocoel), and Coelomata (have a true coelom).
What is the significance of the three groups Acoelomata, Pseudocoelomata, and Coelomata in the classification of animals?
These groups help to categorize animals based on the presence, absence, or type of body cavity they possess, aiding in the understanding of their anatomical and evolutionary characteristics.
How are animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa organized compared to other Eumetazoa?
Animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa are organized based on the presence, absence, or type of body cavity, while other Eumetazoa may be organized based on different criteria such as tissue organization or developmental patterns.
What are the defining characteristics of animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa?
Animals with radial symmetry and diploblastic organization.
How are animals in subkingdom Eumetazoa organized compared to other Eumetazoa?
They are organized based on the presence, absence, or type of body cavity.
What is the significance of subkingdom Eumetazoa in the animal kingdom?
It includes animals with radial symmetry and diploblastic organization, providing important insights into animal classification and evolution.
In the context of the text, what is the characteristic of animals with radial symmetry and diploblastic nature?
Animals with radial symmetry and diploblastic nature are included in the group mentioned in the text.
What type of animals are included in the group with radial symmetry and diploblastic nature?
Animals with radial symmetry and diploblastic nature are included in the group mentioned in the text.
What is the common feature of the animals in the group with radial symmetry and diploblastic nature?
The common feature of the animals in the group is radial symmetry and diploblastic nature.
What is the definition of radial symmetry and which group of animals exhibit this characteristic?
Radial symmetry is a condition in which any plane passing through the central axis divides the animal into mirror image halves. This characteristic is exhibited by animals in the group Cnidaria (Coelenterata).
What is the significance of radial symmetry and diploblastic nature in the context of animal classification?
Radial symmetry and diploblastic nature are significant characteristics used to classify animals. These features help in organizing animals into different groups within the animal kingdom based on their body organization and developmental patterns.
How are animals with radial symmetry and diploblastic nature organized compared to other animals in the subkingdom Eumetazoa?
Animals with radial symmetry and diploblastic nature are organized into a distinct group within the subkingdom Eumetazoa. They are classified separately based on their unique body plan and developmental characteristics.
Can the cylindrical body of a sea-anemone be cut in two equal halves vertically in any plane?
Yes, the cylindrical body of a sea-anemone can be cut in two equal halves vertically in any plane.
What is the characteristic of a sea-anemone's body that allows it to be cut in two equal halves vertically in any plane?
The cylindrical body of the sea-anemone allows it to be cut in two equal halves vertically in any plane.
What is a unique feature of the sea-anemone's body that sets it apart from other organisms?
The ability of the sea-anemone's cylindrical body to be cut in two equal halves vertically in any plane is a unique feature that sets it apart from other organisms.
Explain what bilateral symmetry is and provide an example of an animal with bilateral symmetry.
Bilateral symmetry is when an animal's right side is approximately the same as its left side, and there is a distinct anterior end. An example of an animal with bilateral symmetry is a butterfly.
How can an animal with bilateral symmetry be divided, and in what plane?
An animal with bilateral symmetry can be divided into two equal parts by an imaginary line in only one plane.
What is the significance of bilateral symmetry in animal classification?
Bilateral symmetry is an important characteristic used to classify animals, as it helps to categorize them based on their body structure and organization.
What are the defining characteristics of animals belonging to the subkingdom Eumetazoa?
The defining characteristics of animals belonging to the subkingdom Eumetazoa include a clearly differentiated head at the anterior end, a distinct posterior end, and clearly defined dorsal and ventral surfaces.
Which animal phyla are included in the grade with differentiated head, distinct posterior end, dorsal and ventral surfaces?
The animal phyla included in the grade with differentiated head, distinct posterior end, dorsal and ventral surfaces are Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata.
What is the significance of the presence of a clearly differentiated head and distinct posterior end in animals?
The presence of a clearly differentiated head and distinct posterior end in animals signifies their placement in the grade with advanced organization and complexity within the subkingdom Eumetazoa.
The animals belonging to phylum echinodermata initially develop bilateral symmetry. How do they later develop radial symmetry?
The adult Echinoderms have secondarily developed radial symmetry due to their special mode of life.
What is the symmetry development process in animals belonging to phylum echinodermata?
The animals belonging to phylum echinodermata initially develop bilateral symmetry, which later changes to radial symmetry in adult Echinoderms due to their special mode of life.
What is the significance of the study of the structure of larvae in animals belonging to phylum echinodermata?
The study of the structure of larvae reveals the development of bilateral symmetry in animals belonging to phylum echinodermata.
What are the three possible types of body cavities for animals included in grade Bilateria?
acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, or coelomate
What is the grade Bilateria characterized by in terms of body layers?
triploblastic
What is the subkingdom Eumetazoa characterized by in terms of body organization?
radial symmetry and diploblastic nature
What type of animals are included in grade Bilateria and what is their characteristic body structure?
Animals included in grade Bilateria are triploblastic, meaning they have three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
What is the significance of the triploblastic nature of animals included in grade Bilateria?
The triploblastic nature of animals included in grade Bilateria allows for the development of more complex body structures and organ systems.
How does the triploblastic nature of animals in grade Bilateria contribute to their classification and evolutionary development?
The triploblastic nature of animals in grade Bilateria is significant in their classification as it represents an advanced stage of body organization and contributes to their evolutionary complexity.
What is a characteristic of all animals included in grade Bilateria?
They are triploblastic
In traditional two-kingdom systems, how were animals classified?
Protozoa and Metazoa
What is the significance of the study of the structure of larvae in animals belonging to phylum Echinodermata?
It assists in understanding their evolutionary history
Study Notes
Characteristics of Kingdom Animalia
- Kingdom Animalia includes all multicellular, diploid, eukaryotic, ingestive heterotrophs that develop from two dissimilar haploid gametes, a large egg and a smaller sperm.
- The name "Animalia" is derived from Latin, "anima" meaning breath or soul.
Classification of Kingdom Animalia
- In the five-kingdom classification system, traditional Protozoa belong to kingdom Protoctista.
- Kingdom Animalia consists of subkingdom Parazoa (phylum Porifera) and subkingdom Eumetazoa.
Subkingdom Parazoa
- Includes simplest of animals, which lack tissues organized into organs and have indeterminate shape, and are asymmetrical.
Subkingdom Eumetazoa
- Includes animals with tissues organized into organs and organ systems.
- Divided into three groups based on the presence, absence, or type of body cavity.
- The three groups are Acoelomata, Pseudocoelomata, and Coelomata.
Body Cavity Groups
- Acoelomata: Animals without a body cavity.
- Pseudocoelomata: Animals with a false coelom, the pseudocoele.
- Coelomata: Animals with a true coelom, which includes animals with radial symmetry, and are diploblastic.
Grades of Symmetry
Grade Radiata
- Includes simplest of Eumetazoa (phylum Cnidaria).
- Radially symmetrical animals.
Grade Bilateria
- Includes animals with bilateral symmetry.
- Characteristics: right side is approximately the same as the left side, with a distinct anterior end, and a distinct posterior end.
- Animals can be divided into two equal parts by an imaginary line only in one plane.
- Triploblastic animals.
- Includes phyla: Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata.
Test your knowledge of the vast and diverse Animalia kingdom with this quiz. Explore the fascinating world of animals and learn about their characteristics, behavior, and habitats.
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