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Questions and Answers
Which of the following measures is NOT part of good bio-security practices?
Leptospirosis can be spread through contact with contaminated water.
True
What type of disease is Brucellosis and which animals is it primarily associated with?
Bacterial disease associated with cattle, sheep, and goats.
________ is a parasitic disease that can infect pregnant women through contact with sheep at lambing time.
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Match the following diseases with their associated animals:
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What are the Five Freedoms that ensure good welfare for livestock?
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Older animals do not require protection from bad weather if they have adequate food and water.
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What should be done with sick animals to ensure their welfare?
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Animals should have access to a clean and fresh supply of __________ at all times.
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Match the following freedoms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a sign that livestock may be suffering from pain or illness?
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Proper housing should prevent discomfort by ensuring adequate lying, feeding space, and ventilation.
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Fear and distress in animals can be caused by __________ or loud noises.
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Study Notes
Animal Welfare
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The Five Freedoms:
- Freedom from Thirst, Hunger and Malnutrition: Animals need constant access to clean fresh water and food.
- Freedom from Discomfort: Housing should provide adequate shelter, ventilation, and safe flooring to prevent injury and discomfort.
- Freedom from Pain, Injury and Disease: Farmers are responsible for recognizing and addressing signs of illness or injury. Prevention is key.
- Freedom from Fear and Distress: Animals should be handled calmly, and handling facilities should be appropriate.
- Freedom to express Normal Behaviour: Animals need space to groom, interact with others of the same species, and exhibit natural behaviors.
Disease Transmission
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Routes of Transmission:
- Direct Contact: Through saliva, blood, urine, and fleeces.
- Indirect Contact: Through contaminated food, water, and bedding.
- Vectors: Organisms like ticks, which can carry diseases like Lyme disease.
- Foodborne: Through consuming unpasteurized milk.
Notable Diseases Affecting Livestock and Humans
- Brucellosis: A bacterial disease in cattle, sheep, and goats. Can cause joint swelling.
- Cryptosporidiosis: A parasitic disease in cattle and sheep. Can cause diarrhea in young animals.
- Leptospirosis: An infectious disease spread through contact with rat or cattle urine.
- Ringworm: A fungal disease affecting many farm animals. Characterized by circular patches on the skin.
- Salmonellosis: A bacterial disease, especially in poultry. Can cause illness in humans who consume uncooked meat.
- Toxoplasmosis: A parasitic disease that can affect pregnant women. Prevent contact with sheep during lambing and do not handle dirty clothing from those handling sheep.
- Orf Virus Infection: Contagious to humans and causes sores and scabs on the mouth.
- Tuberculosis: A notifiable disease in cattle. Annual herd testing is required.
Preventing zoonotic Diseases
- Wash hands frequently.
- Maintain healthy livestock.
- Clean and cover wounds.
- Get a tetanus injection.
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Description
This quiz covers the principles of animal welfare, focusing on the Five Freedoms that ensure the well-being of animals. Additionally, it explores the various routes of disease transmission among animals, highlighting the importance of awareness and preventative measures.
