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Questions and Answers
What is the first step in the generalized animal virus infection cycle?
What is the first step in the generalized animal virus infection cycle?
Which of the following mechanisms do enveloped viruses primarily use to enter host cells?
Which of the following mechanisms do enveloped viruses primarily use to enter host cells?
Why is it important for antiviral drugs to target virally encoded enzymes?
Why is it important for antiviral drugs to target virally encoded enzymes?
Which factor limits a virus's ability to infect certain species?
Which factor limits a virus's ability to infect certain species?
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What mechanism allows non-enveloped viruses to enter host cells?
What mechanism allows non-enveloped viruses to enter host cells?
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Which step follows the genome entry in the animal virus infection cycle?
Which step follows the genome entry in the animal virus infection cycle?
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How does tissue tropism affect a virus's infection capability?
How does tissue tropism affect a virus's infection capability?
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What is the final step in the generalized infection cycle of animal viruses?
What is the final step in the generalized infection cycle of animal viruses?
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Study Notes
Animal Virus Replication
- Animal viruses replicate through a five-step process: attachment, genome entry, synthesis, assembly, and release.
- Attachment involves viral proteins binding to host cell receptors. These receptors are often glycoproteins on the host cell's cytoplasmic membrane. More than one receptor might be required.
- The function of the receptors are unrelated to their role in virus attachment
- Viral infection is specific, some viruses can only infect specific cell types and species based on the host's cell receptors
- Each host cell can have thousands of receptor copies, increasing potential interactions.
- Entry and uncoating mechanisms depend on whether the virus is enveloped or non-enveloped
Enveloped Viruses
- Enveloped viruses enter cells through fusion or endocytosis.
- Fusion involves the viral envelope fusing with the host cell membrane, releasing the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm.
- Endocytosis involves the viral particle binding to host cell receptors, triggering endocytosis. The viral particle is taken into a vesicle, and the nucleocapsid is released into the cytoplasm. Virus fusion with the endosomal membrane releases the nucleocapsid.
Non-Enveloped Viruses
- Not discussed in this document.
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Description
This quiz covers the intricate process of animal virus replication, highlighting the five essential steps: attachment, genome entry, synthesis, assembly, and release. You will learn how enveloped and non-enveloped viruses enter host cells and the role of specific receptors. Test your understanding of viral infection specificity and the mechanisms of entry for different virus types.
