Animal Tissues Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main component of blood?

  • Platelets
  • Red blood cells (RBC)
  • Blood plasma (correct)
  • White blood cells (WBC)

Which type of tissue provides both rigidity and flexibility due to elastic fibers?

  • Elastic cartilage (correct)
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Blood
  • Bone

What is a primary function of muscular tissue?

  • Transport nutrients
  • Support and protection
  • Generate body movements (correct)
  • House blood-forming tissue

What structure is characteristic of compact bone tissue?

<p>Lamellae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone?

<p>Production of hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does skeletal muscle tissue generate force?

<p>Using ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide?

<p>Red blood cells (RBC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone tissue is characterized by thin columns called trabeculae?

<p>Spongy bone tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dense connective tissue proper?

<p>Provides strength, elasticity, and support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue contains specialized cells called adipocytes?

<p>Adipose tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily found in the extracellular matrix of dense regular connective tissue?

<p>Collagen fibers arranged in parallel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is brown adipose tissue mainly located?

<p>In the neck and clavicle region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of supporting connective tissue includes a dense network of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of white adipose tissue?

<p>Insulation and lipid storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which connective tissue is characterized by its ability to withstand pulling forces along the long axis of the fibers?

<p>Dense regular connective tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is not classified as supporting connective tissue?

<p>Adipose tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of skeletal muscle fibers?

<p>To facilitate voluntary movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes neurons?

<p>Cells that convert stimuli into nerve action potentials (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

<p>It contains intercalated discs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a neuron is responsible for conducting impulses away from the cell body?

<p>Axon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do intercalated discs contain?

<p>Desmosomes and gap junctions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical length of the longest skeletal muscle fibers?

<p>30-40 centimeters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is NOT typical of skeletal muscle fibers?

<p>Presence of intercalated discs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is primarily responsible for involuntary movements?

<p>Cardiac muscle tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the muscular system?

<p>To maintain balance and position of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is characterized as multinucleated and voluntary?

<p>Skeletal muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the increase in size and length of muscle cells?

<p>Hypertrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure allows cardiac muscle cells to contract powerfully while maintaining their structural integrity?

<p>Intercalated discs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle tissue is not capable of mitosis?

<p>Cardiac muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue surrounds each muscle and assists in structural integrity?

<p>Epimysium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of smooth muscle?

<p>Controls involuntary movements of substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of connective tissue in skeletal muscle?

<p>To connect muscles to bones and support structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is responsible for covering body surfaces and lining hollow organs?

<p>Epithelial tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of connective tissue?

<p>Support and protection of organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which junction is formed by transmembrane proteins that seal adjacent cells together?

<p>Tight junctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is specialized for contraction and generating force?

<p>Muscular tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of nervous tissue?

<p>Communication and response to stimuli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes gap junctions?

<p>They allow communication between adjacent cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary type of tissue in the body?

<p>Cartilage tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crucial function does muscular tissue perform in the body?

<p>Generating heat and force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component that allows the skin to have color and makes it tough?

<p>Keratin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is described as having dead cells and is the superficial epidermal layer?

<p>Stratum corneum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the layer of the skin that contains about half of the body's stored fat?

<p>Hypodermis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where in the body is stratum lucidum primarily found?

<p>On the palm of the hand and sole of the foot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many layers of stratum are described as thick in the epidermis?

<p>5 layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure in the dermis can lead to the formation of fingerprints?

<p>Dermal papillae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the epidermis?

<p>Avascular (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature makes the stratum lucidum transparent?

<p>Presence of eleidin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tissue definition

A group of cells with shared origin and function.

Histology

The study of tissues.

Epithelial tissue function

Covers body surfaces, lines organs, and forms glands.

Connective tissue function

Protects, supports organs, stores energy and provides immunity.

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Muscular tissue function

Allows for body movement and generates heat.

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Nervous tissue function

Detects changes and sends signals for body responses.

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Cell junctions

Contact points between cells.

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Tight Junctions function

Seal cells together to prevent leakage.

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Dense Connective Tissue Proper

A type of connective tissue with more fibers, denser packing, and fewer cells compared to loose connective tissue.

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Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Dense connective tissue where fibers are parallel, increasing tensile strength in one direction.

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Adipose Tissue

Connective tissue with cells (adipocytes) specialized for storing fat (triglycerides).

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White Adipose Tissue

Adipose tissue for storing fat and insulation.

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Brown Adipose Tissue

Adipose tissue that generates heat (thermogenic).

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Supporting Connective Tissue

Mature connective tissue that includes cartilage and bone.

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Hyaline Cartilage

Cartilage with a dense network of collagen and elastic fibers embedded in a gel-like substance.

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Loose Connective Tissue

Connective tissue with fewer fibers and more cells than dense connective tissue, fills spaces and supports organs.

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Skeletal Muscle Fiber Length

Skeletal muscle fibers range in length from a few centimeters to 30-40 cm.

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Muscle Fiber Shape

Muscle fibers are roughly cylindrical.

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Muscle Fiber Nuclei

Muscle fibers have multiple nuclei located at the periphery (outer edge).

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Muscle Function

Skeletal muscles move bones.

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Neuron Function

Neurons convert stimuli to nerve impulses and conduct signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

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Neuron Parts

Neurons have a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

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Cardiac Muscle Fibers

Branched, striated muscle fibers with one centrally located nucleus and intercalated discs.

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Cardiac Muscle Function

Cardiac muscle pumps blood throughout the body.

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Blood's Composition

Blood is a liquid connective tissue with a liquid extracellular matrix (plasma) and formed elements (e.g., RBCs, WBCs).

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Blood Plasma

The liquid part of blood, making up most of its volume.

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Blood Function

Blood transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, and waste products.

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Bone Tissue Types

Bone tissue is composed of compact bone (osteons) and spongy bone (trabeculae).

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Compact Bone

Dense bone tissue organized in osteons, providing strength and support.

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Spongy Bone

Light, porous bone tissue with a network of trabeculae, filled with marrow.

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Bone Functions

Bone provides support, protection, storage, houses blood-forming tissue, lever system for movement.

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Muscular Tissue Characteristics

Muscular tissue involves excitable, contractile, extensible, and elastic cells called muscle fibers.

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Skeletal Muscle

These muscles are attached to bones and are responsible for voluntary movement, making up a large portion of body mass.

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Cardiac Muscle

This muscle is found only in the heart, contracts rhythmically, is involuntary, and has specialized cells called cardiomyocytes.

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Hypertrophy

The process where muscle cells grow in size and length, increasing muscle mass.

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Myocyte

A muscle cell, responsible for muscle contraction.

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Epimysium

A tough connective tissue sheath that surrounds the entire skeletal muscle.

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Intercalated Disc

Specialized junctions that connect cardiac muscle cells, allowing for coordinated contraction.

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Mitosis in Cardiac Muscle

Cardiac muscle cells lack the ability to divide through mitosis, limiting their ability to regenerate.

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Epidermis layers

The epidermis is made up of 4-5 layers: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, and stratum spinosum. The stratum basale is also considered one of the layers.

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Stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of dead, keratinized cells.

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Stratum lucidum

A layer of dead cells found only in thick skin like palms and soles, transparent due to eleidin.

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Stratum granulosum

Layer of cells that are 'granulated' with keratin, preparing to become dead.

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Stratum spinosum

Layer with spiny cells (due to desmosomes), actively producing keratin.

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Dermal papillae

Finger-like projections from the dermis that create the unique ridges of our fingerprints.

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Papillary layer

The upper region of the dermis, containing dermal papillae and blood vessels.

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Hypodermis

A layer of loose connective tissue under the dermis, containing fat and blood vessels.

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Study Notes

Animal Tissues

  • A tissue is a group of cells that share a common origin and work together for specialized functions.
  • Histology is the study of tissues.

Four Types of Body Tissues

  • Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, lines body cavities and ducts, and forms glands. It interacts with the internal and external environment.
  • Connective tissue protects, supports, and binds organs together. It stores energy, and contributes to immunity.
  • Muscular tissue is specialized for contraction and generating force, including heat.
  • Nervous tissue detects changes—inside and outside the body—and responds by generating nerve impulses, triggering muscular contractions and glandular secretions.

Cell Junctions

  • Cell junctions are contact points between plasma membranes of tissue cells.
  • Tight junctions fuse the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes, sealing off passageways between them; they hold cells closely together, with no extracellular space.
  • Gap junctions form tiny fluid-filled tunnels (connexons) between neighboring cells, facilitating communication.
  • Adherence junctions create a dense layer of proteins on the inside of the plasma membrane, attaching to membrane proteins and microfilaments of the cytoskeleton, creating a belt that holds cells together.
  • Desmosomes have plaques (a dense layer of proteins) that attach to transmembrane proteins extending into the intercellular space. They hold cells strongly.

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Description

Explore the fundamental types of animal tissues, their functions, and the importance of histology in understanding them. This quiz covers epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues, along with the significance of cell junctions. Test your knowledge on how these tissues work together to form functional organs.

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