Animal Tissues: Epithelial, Connective...

• Tissue is the arrangement of cells that provide specific functions for the body.

Epithelial Tissue

• Functions include protection, excretion, absorption, and secretion.
• Located covering body surfaces and lining internal organs.
• Cells are tightly packed.

Connective Tissue

• Functions including binding, supporting, protecting, filling spaces, and producing.
• Widely distributed throughout the body.
• Cells are loosely packed.

Muscle Tissue

• Responsible for movement.
• Attached to bones, walls of hollow organs, and the heart.
• Contractile.

Nervous Tissue

• Found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
• Responsible for communication and control.
• Cells connect to each other and other body cells.
• Neurons or nerve cells conduct nervous impulses, while neuroglia support and nourish the neurons.

Epithelial Tissues

• Simple squamous epithelia are located in blood capillaries and air sacs of lungs.
• Transitional epithelia are in the urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra.
• Simple cuboidal epithelia are in secreting glands, ovaries, and lining of kidney tubules.
• Stratified cuboidal epithelia are in the lining of the salivary gland and mammary ducts.
• Stratified squamous epithelium is in skin and body orifices.
• Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is in the skin.
• Simple columnar epithelium is in the lining of digestive organs and the lining of uterine tubes.
• Simple cuboidal epithelia are a single layer of cells with a square box shape
• Simple squamous epithelia are a single layer of flat cells.
• Stratified squamous epithelium is found in the skin and esophagus.
• Transitional epithelia is best for changing shape.
• Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines the trachea.
• Simple squamous epithelium is best for diffusion

Connective Tissues

• Areolar connective tissue is located between tissues and organs.
• Adipose tissue is beneath the skin and around organs.
• Dense connective tissue is located in tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses.
• Irregular connective tissue is in dermis of skin and joint capsules.
• Reticular connective tissue is in lymphatic organs and liver.
• Hyaline connective tissue is located at the end of long bones, rib cartilages, and nose.
• Adipose provides a calorie reserve and insulates against heat loss.
• Dense makes up ligaments and tendons.
• Bone stores calcium and other minerals.
• Blood and lymph have a liquid extracellular matrix.
• Bone has a calcified matrix.

Muscle Tissues

• Skeletal muscle tissue is in skeletal muscles attached to bones or skin.
• Cardiac muscle tissue are in walls of heart
• Smooth muscle tissue are in walls of hallow organs
• Skeletal consists of multinucleated cells and has voluntary control
• Smooth has spindle-shaped cells and lacks striations.
• Cardiac has intercalated discs and cells that are striated and branched.

Types of Neurons

• Bipolar neurons
• Unipolar neurons
• Multipolar neurons

Types of Neuroglia

• Satellite cells
• Schwann cells
• Oligodendrocytes
• Astrocytes
• Microglia
• Ependymal cells

Extracellular Connections

• Tight junctions
• Anchoring junctions
• Gap junctions

Glands

• Exocrine glands.
• Endocrine glands.

Exocrine Glands

• Sweat glands,
• Salivary glands
• Mammary glands
• Pancreas and liver

Membranes

• Cutaneous membrane
• Serous membrane
• Mucus membrane
• Synovial membrane
• Meninges membrane
• Cutaneous is skin and forms the outer covering of the body
• Serous lines internal walls of organs and is made of visceral and parietal layers
• Mucus contains goblet cells that secrete mucus
• Synovial lines freely movable joint cavities.
• Meninges is found in the dorsal cavity and protects the brain and spinal cord.

Animal tissues are collections of cells that perform specific functions. These include epithelial tissue for protection, connective tissue for support, muscle tissue for movement, and nervous tissue for communication. Each tissue type has a unique structure and location in the body.