Animal Terms and Usage Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a set of three nucleotides that make up the genetic code?

Allele

Domesticate

Codon (correct)

Chromatid

What is the name for a compound composed of deoxyribose, phosphoric acid, and nitrogen, which contains genes in the form of a double helix?

Chromosome

Crossover

DNA (correct)

Breeding value

What do we call the situation in which both alleles of a gene pair are fully expressed, with neither being dominant or recessive?

Crossover

Breeding value

Chromatid

Codominance (correct)

What is the term for the value of the sire or dam as a parent, based on differences that exist between a large number of offspring and average performance of a trait within a population?

Breeding value Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for one member of a pair or several genes that are located on a specific position on homologous chromosomes?

Allele Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the formation of new chromosomes resulting from the splitting and rejoining of the original chromosomes?

Crossover Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of heritability?

The amount of the difference between animals that is passed from the parent to the offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of genotype?

The kind of gene pairs possessed by the animal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of genetic engineering?

A technology involving the removal, modification, or addition of genes to a DNA molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of haploid?

A cell that has only a single set of chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of incomplete dominance?

A situation in which one gene does not completely hide or mask the effect of the other gene in a gene pair. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of locus?

The location of a given gene on a chromosome. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of mutation?

The appearance of a new trait in the offspring that did not exist in the genetic make-up of the parents. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of pedigree?

The record of ancestors of an animal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of estimated breeding value?

An estimate of the genetic value of an animal in passing genetic traits to its offspring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of heritability estimate?

The likelihood of a trait being passed on from parent to offspring. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Genetic Code and Nucleotides

A codon is a set of three nucleotides that encodes a specific amino acid in the genetic code.

DNA Structure

DNA is a compound composed of deoxyribose sugar, phosphoric acid, and nitrogenous bases, forming a double helix structure that encodes genetic information.

Allele Expression

Codominance describes the situation where both alleles of a gene pair are fully expressed, with neither allele being dominant or recessive.

Parental Value

Genetic value refers to the worth of a sires or dams as parents, assessed based on the performance differences observed in a large number of their offspring compared to the population's average.

Gene Location

An allele is one member of a pair of genes located at a specific position, known as a locus, on homologous chromosomes.

Chromosomal Changes

Chromosomal recombination is the process that results in the formation of new chromosomes through the splitting and rejoining of original chromosomes.

Heritability

Heritability quantifies the proportion of phenotypic variation in a population attributed to genetic factors, indicating the potential for traits to be passed on to the next generation.

Genotype

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, encompassing all the genes that contribute to an individual's traits.

Genetic Engineering

Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's DNA to modify its genetic makeup for specific purposes, such as improving resistance to diseases.

Haploid Cells

Haploid cells contain one complete set of chromosomes, half the number found in diploid cells, which is typical of gametes.

Incomplete Dominance

Incomplete dominance occurs when neither allele in a heterozygous organism is fully dominant, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend of both traits.

Locus

A locus is the specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located.

Mutation

A mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence of an organism, which can lead to a change in phenotype or function.

Pedigree

A pedigree is a diagram that represents the genetic relationships and inheritance patterns among individuals within a family or a species.

Estimated Breeding Value (EBV)

The estimated breeding value is a prediction of an individual's genetic potential as a parent, calculated based on performance data and genetic analysis.

Heritability Estimate

The heritability estimate is a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which variation in a trait can be attributed to genetic differences among individuals in a given population.

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Description

Test your knowledge of animal terms and usage with this quiz. Learn about terms such as bovine, caprine, equine, ovine, porcine, and poultry, and their associations with specific animals.