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Questions and Answers
What is the gestation period for sheep?
What is the gestation period for sheep?
- ~152 days (correct)
- ~340 days
- ~283 days
- ~114 days
What term is used to describe a castrated male pig?
What term is used to describe a castrated male pig?
Barrow
The group of ducks is called a ______.
The group of ducks is called a ______.
flock
The offspring of a cow is called a calf.
The offspring of a cow is called a calf.
Match the following species with their respective reproductive terms:
Match the following species with their respective reproductive terms:
Which of the following pairs correctly describes the male and female chickens?
Which of the following pairs correctly describes the male and female chickens?
Ducklings are the offspring of ducks.
Ducklings are the offspring of ducks.
What is the gestation period for cattle?
What is the gestation period for cattle?
The male sheep is called a ______.
The male sheep is called a ______.
Which animal's offspring is called a 'kit'?
Which animal's offspring is called a 'kit'?
Which of the following best describes Histosols?
Which of the following best describes Histosols?
Vertisols are known for their low clay content and minimal cracking.
Vertisols are known for their low clay content and minimal cracking.
What is the primary cause of significant movement in Vertisols?
What is the primary cause of significant movement in Vertisols?
Entisols lack the features of more mature soils, but they are considered more developed than __________.
Entisols lack the features of more mature soils, but they are considered more developed than __________.
Match the soil type with its key characteristic:
Match the soil type with its key characteristic:
What is the primary characteristic of Inceptisols?
What is the primary characteristic of Inceptisols?
The Itik PINAS breeding initiative began in 2010.
The Itik PINAS breeding initiative began in 2010.
Which duck breed was selected and bred in the Itik PINAS initiative?
Which duck breed was selected and bred in the Itik PINAS initiative?
What is the primary role of bacteria in biotechnology?
What is the primary role of bacteria in biotechnology?
Viruses can reproduce independently without a host cell.
Viruses can reproduce independently without a host cell.
Name one application of fungi in biotechnology.
Name one application of fungi in biotechnology.
Algae are used in biotechnology for _______ production.
Algae are used in biotechnology for _______ production.
Which of the following statements about protozoa is true?
Which of the following statements about protozoa is true?
Match the microorganisms with their primary characteristics:
Match the microorganisms with their primary characteristics:
All microorganisms mentioned are too small to see without a microscope.
All microorganisms mentioned are too small to see without a microscope.
What type of reproduction do bacteria primarily use?
What type of reproduction do bacteria primarily use?
Which type of soil is characterized by a thick, dark surface horizon rich in organic material, typical of grasslands?
Which type of soil is characterized by a thick, dark surface horizon rich in organic material, typical of grasslands?
Oxisols are characterized by high organic matter content and are commonly found in arid regions.
Oxisols are characterized by high organic matter content and are commonly found in arid regions.
What is the main characteristic of Aridisols?
What is the main characteristic of Aridisols?
Gelisols are associated with _____ environments due to their freezing characteristics.
Gelisols are associated with _____ environments due to their freezing characteristics.
Which type of soil contains a subsurface horizon rich in organic matter along with aluminum and iron oxides?
Which type of soil contains a subsurface horizon rich in organic matter along with aluminum and iron oxides?
Match each soil type with its primary characteristic:
Match each soil type with its primary characteristic:
Entisols have minimal profile development and are often found in areas of recent deposition.
Entisols have minimal profile development and are often found in areas of recent deposition.
What is the etymology of the term 'Aridisols'?
What is the etymology of the term 'Aridisols'?
What is the primary goal of the 'Development of Sustainable Breeder Philippine Mallard Duck (PMD) Itik Production System Project'?
What is the primary goal of the 'Development of Sustainable Breeder Philippine Mallard Duck (PMD) Itik Production System Project'?
The Itik PINAS lines are developed for their plumage colors: black for IP Itim and brown for IP Khaki.
The Itik PINAS lines are developed for their plumage colors: black for IP Itim and brown for IP Khaki.
At what age do IP ducks typically start laying eggs?
At what age do IP ducks typically start laying eggs?
The egg production per duck per year is approximately _____ eggs.
The egg production per duck per year is approximately _____ eggs.
Match the following IP characteristics with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following IP characteristics with their corresponding descriptions:
Which of the following is NOT a selection criterion for the replacement stock?
Which of the following is NOT a selection criterion for the replacement stock?
IP Itim is generally lighter and shorter than IP Khaki.
IP Itim is generally lighter and shorter than IP Khaki.
What color are the eggs produced by both IP Itim and IP Khaki ducks?
What color are the eggs produced by both IP Itim and IP Khaki ducks?
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Study Notes
Animal Species and Reproductive Terms
- Cattle (Bovines)
- Scientific Name: Bos taurus
- Male: Bull
- Female: Cow
- Offspring: Calf
- Castrated Male: Steer
- Group: Herd
- Gestation: ~283 days
- Lactation: Typically 10 months
- Parturition: Calving
- Chickens (Phasianidae)
- Scientific Name: Gallus gallus domesticus
- Male: Cock/Rooster
- Female: Hen
- Offspring: Chick
- Group: Flock
- Gestation: N/A (Egg incubation: ~21 days)
- Parturition: Laying
- Pigs (Swine)
- Scientific Name: Sus scrofa domesticus
- Male: Boar
- Female: Sow
- Offspring: Piglet
- Castrated Male: Barrow
- Group: Drove
- Gestation: ~114 days
- Lactation: ~21 days
- Parturition: Farrowing
- Sheep (Bovidae)
- Scientific Name: Ovis aries
- Male: Ram
- Female: Ewe
- Offspring: Lamb
- Castrated Male: Wether
- Group: Flock
- Gestation: ~152 days
- Lactation: ~3 to 6 months
- Parturition: Lambing
- Goats (Bovidae)
- Scientific Name: Capra aegagrus hircus
- Male: Buck
- Female: Doe
- Offspring: Kid
- Castrated Male: Wether
- Group: Herd
- Gestation: ~150 days
- Lactation: ~10 months
- Parturition: Kidding
- Horses (Equidae)
- Scientific Name: Equus ferus caballus
- Male: Stallion
- Female: Mare
- Offspring: Foal
- Castrated Male: Gelding
- Group: Herd
- Gestation: ~340 days
- Lactation: ~6 months
- Parturition: Foaling
- Muscovy Ducks (Anatidae)
- Scientific Name: Cairina moschata
- Male: Drake
- Female: Duck (or Hen)
- Offspring: Duckling
- Group: Flock
- Gestation: N/A (Egg incubation: ~35 days)
- Parturition: Laying
- Mallard Ducks (Anatidae)
- Scientific Name: Anas platyrhynchos
- Male: Drake
- Female: Duck (or Hen)
- Offspring: Duckling
- Group: Flock
- Gestation: N/A (Egg incubation: ~28 days)
- Parturition: Laying
- Quails (Phasianidae)
- Scientific Names: Coturnix coturnix (Common Quail) or Coturnix japonica (Japanese Quail)
- Male: Cock
- Female: Hen
- Offspring: Chick
- Group: Covey or Flock
- Gestation: N/A (Egg incubation: ~16-18 days)
- Parturition: Laying
- Rabbits (Leporidae)
- Scientific Name: Oryctolagus cuniculus
- Male: Buck
- Female: Doe
- Offspring: Kit
- Group: Colony
- Gestation: ~31 days
- Parturition: Kindling
Soil Types
- Andisols:
- Rich, fertile soils with thick, dark surface horizons.
- Developed from volcanic ash, which are often dark-colored.
- High in organic matter and nutrients.
- Common in areas with active or recent volcanic activity.
- Aridisols:
- Found in arid regions with little organic matter.
- Low in organic matter, often with salt or carbonate accumulations.
- Limited leaching due to low precipitation.
- Entisols:
- Soils with little profile development, often found on steep slopes or in floodplains.
- Young soils, often associated with recent deposits or disturbances.
- Gelisols:
- Soils with permafrost within two meters of the surface.
- Often rich in organic material due to slow decomposition.
- Histosols:
- Organic-rich soils, primarily composed of decomposed plant material.
- Often found in wetlands, bogs, or swamps.
- Very high in organic content, sometimes called peat soils.
- Inceptisols:
- Young soils with more development than Entisols but still lack the features of mature soils.
- Oxisols:
- Highly weathered soils, rich in iron and aluminum oxides.
- Found in tropical and subtropical regions.
- Low natural fertility due to extensive leaching.
- Spodosols:
- Acidic soils with a subsurface horizon rich in organic matter, aluminum, and iron.
- Common in coniferous forest regions.
- Often found in cool, moist climates.
- Ultisols:
- Old, highly weathered soils with significant leaching found in humid temperate and tropical regions.
- Highly leached, acidic soils with a subsurface clay horizon.
- Low fertility, often requiring lime and fertilizer for agriculture.
- Vertisols:
- Clay-rich soils that expand and contract with moisture changes, leading to deep cracks.
- Found in regions with distinct wet and dry seasons.
- Often challenging for construction due to their shrinking and swelling behavior.
Itik PINAS (Philippine Native Ducks)
- Origin:
- Developed through a breeding program initiated in 2008 by the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI), in collaboration with other institutions.
- Selected for high egg production, predictable performance, and consistent product quality.
- Key Characteristics:
- Two lines: IP Itim (black plumage) and IP Khaki (brown plumage)
- Both lines have white 'bib' on their necks.
- IP Itim is slightly heavier and longer with a wider wingspan than IP Khaki.
- IP Khaki has a broader chest circumference and longer shanks than IP Itim.
- Production Performance:
- Egg production per duck per year is 257 eggs, with an average weight of approximately 65 grams.
- Ducks start to lay eggs at about 22-23 weeks of age.
- Both lines produce white ovoid eggs.
Microorganisms used in Biotechnology
- Bacteria:
- Single-celled organisms with no defined nucleus.
- Used for producing antibiotics, enzymes, and in genetic engineering (e.g., E. coli for insulin production).
- Reproduce quickly through binary fission.
- Viruses:
- Smaller than bacteria, consisting of genetic material in a protein coat.
- Used as vectors to deliver genetic material into cells (e.g., gene therapy).
- Cannot grow or reproduce independently, they need a host cell to replicate.
- Fungi:
- Can be single-celled (like yeast) or multicellular (like molds).
- Used for producing antibiotics (e.g., penicillin), alcohol, and food products (e.g., bread, cheese).
- Reproduce through spores or budding.
- Algae:
- Range from microscopic (microalgae) to large (seaweed).
- Used for biofuel production, food supplements (e.g., spirulina), and as a source of omega-3 fatty acids.
- Grow through photosynthesis, requiring sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
- Protozoa:
- Single-celled organisms, generally larger than bacteria.
- Used for wastewater treatment and research.
- Reproduce through binary fission, budding, or sexual reproduction.
Key Differences between Microorganisms:
- Structure: Viruses lack cellular structure, while the rest have cells with varying complexities.
- Reproduction: Viruses require a host, while others can reproduce independently.
- Biotechnology Applications: Each microorganism has unique applications based on its characteristics.
Key Similarities between Microorganisms:
- Biological Tools: All are valuable in biotechnology, contributing to medicine, industry, and research.
- Microscopic: Most are too small to see without a microscope.
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