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Questions and Answers
Which Medium Wool breed was developed in the United States?
Which Medium Wool breed was developed in the United States?
- Hampshire
- Dorset
- Southdown
- Montadale (correct)
Proteins produced by an animal's immune system in response to invasion by bacteria, viruses, or parasites are:
Proteins produced by an animal's immune system in response to invasion by bacteria, viruses, or parasites are:
- toxoids
- antibodies (correct)
- vaccines
- serums
When registering individual hogs, which information is NOT typically required?
When registering individual hogs, which information is NOT typically required?
- Ear notches
- Name of sire
- Date farrowed
- Number of teats (correct)
A bacterial disease that affects both sheep and goats when an animal has a wound, with symptoms including stiffness, rigid jaw, and inability to eat, is:
A bacterial disease that affects both sheep and goats when an animal has a wound, with symptoms including stiffness, rigid jaw, and inability to eat, is:
Which of the following breeds of cattle is NOT primarily white to gray in color?
Which of the following breeds of cattle is NOT primarily white to gray in color?
A swine nutritional health problem caused by lack of iron in the diet is:
A swine nutritional health problem caused by lack of iron in the diet is:
A breed of cattle originating in Scotland, known for its smooth black coat, polled characteristics, and popularity in the United States, is:
A breed of cattle originating in Scotland, known for its smooth black coat, polled characteristics, and popularity in the United States, is:
The leg and loin of a lamb are the primary wholesale meat cuts that come from the:
The leg and loin of a lamb are the primary wholesale meat cuts that come from the:
Which country accounts for the highest percent of the world cattle population?
Which country accounts for the highest percent of the world cattle population?
Approximately what percent of the animal protein consumed in the world does meat provide?
Approximately what percent of the animal protein consumed in the world does meat provide?
The process of taking food nutrients through the intestinal wall is:
The process of taking food nutrients through the intestinal wall is:
Which cattle problem is associated with nutritional health?
Which cattle problem is associated with nutritional health?
Which breed of medium wool sheep has the characteristics of white ears, face, nose, and legs?
Which breed of medium wool sheep has the characteristics of white ears, face, nose, and legs?
Which trait for swine has the lowest heritability estimate?
Which trait for swine has the lowest heritability estimate?
The __________ breed of swine can be traced to the early 1700's?
The __________ breed of swine can be traced to the early 1700's?
Beef cattle categorized as American breeds have what breed as a genetic base?
Beef cattle categorized as American breeds have what breed as a genetic base?
The breed of cattle that was developed on the King Ranch in Texas and consists of 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Shorthorn is called:
The breed of cattle that was developed on the King Ranch in Texas and consists of 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Shorthorn is called:
The first American breed of beef cattle was the:
The first American breed of beef cattle was the:
One common characteristic between Yorkshire, Landrace, and Chester Whites is:
One common characteristic between Yorkshire, Landrace, and Chester Whites is:
Sheep are a major enterprise in the __________ area of the United States.
Sheep are a major enterprise in the __________ area of the United States.
Which trait has the highest heritability estimate in cattle?
Which trait has the highest heritability estimate in cattle?
Ruminant animals can synthesize __________ of the 22 required amino acids.
Ruminant animals can synthesize __________ of the 22 required amino acids.
The most popular breed of registered medium wool sheep in the United States is the:
The most popular breed of registered medium wool sheep in the United States is the:
The Pietrain breed of swine originated in __________.
The Pietrain breed of swine originated in __________.
Flashcards
Montadale
Montadale
A medium wool breed developed in the United States.
Antibodies
Antibodies
Proteins produced by the immune system in response to bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Number of teats
Number of teats
This is NOT typically needed for hog registration.
Tetanus
Tetanus
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Angus
Angus
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Bloat
Bloat
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Berkshire
Berkshire
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Shorthorn Cattle
Shorthorn Cattle
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Biotechnology
Biotechnology
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Intravenous
Intravenous
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Marbling
Marbling
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Genotype
Genotype
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Karakul
Karakul
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17 Days
17 Days
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Castration
Castration
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Color
Color
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Anthelmintics
Anthelmintics
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Processing by-products
Processing by-products
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Colostrum
Colostrum
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Non-essential nutrients
Non-essential nutrients
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Study Notes
- Montadale is a Medium Wool breed developed in the United States.
- Proteins produced by an animal's immune system in response to bacteria, viruses, or parasites are antibodies.
- The number of teats is not typically required for the registration of individual hogs; however, date farrowed, name of sire, and ear notches are.
- Tetanus is a bacterial disease affecting sheep and goats through wounds, causing stiffness, rigid jaw, and inability to eat.
- White Park is primarily white to gray in color, while, Charolais, Chianina, and Limousin are other colors.
- Anemia is a swine nutritional health problem caused by a lack of iron in the diet.
- Angus cattle originated in Scotland, known for their smooth, black coats and polled genetics, and are popular in the United States.
- The leg and loin of a lamb are the primary wholesale meat cuts that come from the hindsaddle.
- India accounts for the highest percentage of the world's cattle population.
- Meat provides about 0.55 (55%) of the animal protein consumed globally.
- Absorption is the process of taking food nutrients through the intestinal wall.
- Bloat is a cattle problem associated with nutritional health.
- Dorset sheep have white ears, face, nose, and legs.
- Litter size is the swine trait with the lowest heritability estimate.
- The Berkshire breed of swine can be traced to the early 1700s.
- Beef cattle categorized as American breeds have Brahman as a genetic base.
- The Santa Gertrudis breed of cattle was developed on the King Ranch in Texas by crossing 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Shorthorn.
- The Texas Longhorn was the first American breed of beef cattle.
- Maternal qualities are a common characteristic between Yorkshire, Landrace, and Chester White swine breeds.
- Sheep are a major enterprise in the western area of the United States.
- Post-weaning rate of gain has the highest heritability estimate in cattle.
- Ruminant animals can synthesize all 22 of the required amino acids, so they don't need to obtain them from their diet.
- The most popular breed of registered medium wool sheep in the United States is the Rambouillet.
- The Pietrain breed of swine originated in Germany.
- Charolais, Simmental, and Limousin, breeds of cattle with origin in Europe, are usually referred to as Continental breeds.
- Lambs are commonly weaned at about six months of age.
- The greatest expense in livestock production, according to the USDA, is purchased feed.
- Anthelmintics are feed additives used in swine rations to control internal parasites.
- Corn contributes the most carbohydrates in swine rations.
- Angus has been the leader in total number of beef cattle registered since 1970.
- Fat present in muscle tissue is known as marbling.
- An enzyme is a complex protein produced by living cells that causes changes in other substances without being changed itself.
- The Texas Longhorn breed of cattle descended from Spanish Andalusian cattle brought over by Columbus on his second voyage.
- Bloat is a nutritional problem characterized by a swollen abdomen on the left side, labored breathing, profuse salivation, groaning, lack of appetite, and stiffness.
- Amino acids are the building blocks of protein.
- A purebred animal is one that is of a particular breed.
- Nebraska has the greatest feedlot beef cattle production.
- The use of living organisms or their products in livestock production is biotechnology.
- Estrus in cattle usually occurs every 21 days.
- Blackleg disease affects cattle and sheep, causing lameness, depression, fever, and swelling in muscles, often leading to sudden death.
- The length of the estrous cycle for a ewe (female sheep) is 17 days.
- Dorset is a Medium Wool breed of sheep that has a white face.
- One common characteristic between Hampshire, Yorkshire, and Berkshire swine is terminal qualities.
- Landrace is a common breed of swine imported to the United States from Denmark.
- Baby pigs require temperatures of 80-90 degrees F.
- The most serious health problem of sheep and goats is internal parasites.
- Solid floors in hog houses are usually made of concrete.
- Helminths (parasitic worms) are of major economic importance to the livestock industry for internal parasite management.
- The first breed of beef cattle imported to the United States in the late 1700s was the Shorthorn.
- Maine Anjou is a breed of cattle that did not originate in Italy.
- Archaeological evidence suggests pig domestication in the Middle East occurred as early as 9000 years ago.
- The genetic makeup of an animal is called genotype.
- The Angora breed of goat produces mohair.
- Animals that resemble one another through selection and breeding, passing traits uniformly to offspring, are called a breed.
- The largest compartment of the ruminant stomach is the rumen.
- Anthelmintics are feed additives to control worms and other internal parasites.
- Archeology has found evidence that sheep have been domesticated for 6000 years.
- Fats and oils provide 2.25 times more energy than carbohydrates.
- The Poland China swine breed originated in England, with major development in Kentucky, originally known as the Thin Rind.
- The Rambouillet breed of sheep has the strongest flocking instinct.
- An animal's central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.
- The abomasum is recognized as the true stomach in ruminants.
- A free-roaming "wild" animal that was once domesticated is called feral.
- Yearlings are feeder calves between one and two years old, weighing about 550-700 pounds.
- Heifers most commonly reach puberty at the average age of 12 months.
- Chester White is a breed of swine which is white in color with erect ears and used extensively in commercial operations for the maternal characteristics.
- Animals tend to produce enough Vitamin D, so it doesn't need to be a specific nutrient in their rations.
- Landrace is best on performance of litter size.
- Berkshire is considered the oldest breed of swine.
- Sheep reach puberty based on the season.
- Color is what Hampshires, Polands, and Berkshires have in common.
- Vitamin B is in the category of water-soluble vitamins.
- Cattle generally between six months and one year old that are sold to people are feeder cattle.
- Freeze branding is a method of animal identification using very low temperature to change pigment color of the skin.
- Australia produces the most sheep.
- When evaluating swine performance data, litter weights are adjusted to a standard of 21 days.
- The Polled Dorset breed of sheep was developed at North Carolina State University.
- Diseases caused by a virus or bacteria are classed as pathogenic.
- Cholera is a bacterial disease.
- Foot Rot is a disease that affects the tissue of the foot in sheep.
- Newborn animals receive immunity by drinking colostrum.
- The period of time an animal is pregnant is called gestation.
- 70 percent of the total sheep production is in range production in the United States.
- The average age of puberty in sheep is 6 months.
- The average daily gain for growing cattle on full feed is 3 lb/day.
- A male sheep castrated before reaching sexual maturity is called a wether.
- The majority of composite breeds of cattle in the United States use Brahman.
- The most important factor when formulating a ration for livestock is total digestible nutrients.
- A cattle producer that produces breeding stock including bulls and females for cow-calf operations is a seedstock/purebred breeder.
- The Karakul is the only breed of sheep raised for fur in the United States.
- The expected yield of a hog with an USDA quality grade of No. 2 is 52.3 to 54.4%.
- Litter size weaned is not increased when crossing with a purebred sow.
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the use of feed additives in the United States.
- Sheep and cattle both have multiple-compartment stomachs referred to as a ruminant.
- A single stomach animal can synthesize 12 of the 22 required amino acids.
- The Rabo Largo breed of hair sheep originated in Texas.
- Skatole is one compound that causes boar taint.
- Corriedale is not included as a Fine Wool breed of sheep, while, Rambouillet, Debouillet, and Delaine Merino are.
- The sudden death of heavily muscled hogs is referred to as Porcine Stress Syndrome.
- Estrogen is produced primarily by the ovaries in female animals.
- Amino acids are the organic compounds, which are the building blocks in the formation of proteins
- The weight of a hot beef carcass compared to the live weight of the animal is referred to as yield.
- Harder handling is considered undesirable when judging market lambs.
- When evaluating sheep, constitution refers to ruggedness and stamina.
- Pinkeye in cattle is carried by insects.
- Feedstuffs such as hay and silage are classified as roughages.
- Beef cattle or sheep born without horns are commonly referred to as polled.
- Carcass weight in beef cattle has the highest heritability estimate.
- Selenium is a trace mineral.
- Preconditioning is the process of preparing calves for the stress of being moved into the feedlot.
- Administering a medicinal agent directly into a vein is called intravenous.
- Antibiotics are feed additives that prevent disease and promote growth.
- When animals band together in a herd or flock, the behavior is known as gregarious.
- Non-essential nutrients are those an animal can synthesize for growth and maintenance.
- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy is a chronic degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system of cattle.
- The removal of the testicles from a male animal is castration.
- Hereford is a breed of swine that does not have a predominant red color.
- Swine are in a class of animals that consume both plants and meat known as omnivores.
- More than one-half of all the crossbred sheep in the United States carry some percentage of the Merino breed.
- The most important wholesale cut of lamb is the leg.
- The growth and development of animals prior to birth is prenatal.
- The Cheviot breed of sheep that has a distinctive white face originated in Scotland.
- The reflex and response that an animal has at birth is instinct.
- Founder is a nutritional problem in cattle characterized by swelling of the tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot and lameness of the animal.
- Iowa produces the most hogs.
- The age at which an animal reaches sexual maturity is puberty.
- Administering a medical agent into the skin is an intradermal injection.
- Disease is an impairment of vital life functions.
- A visual evaluation of muscle on a hog is best seen by looking at the rear.
- Accelerated lambing is a system that produces three lamb crops in two years.
- Subcutaneous injections are given under the skin.
- Pigs must be ear notched for identification purposes.
- Cattle are herbivores.
- Wheat bran and animal fat are grains.
- The average dressing percentage of a steer grading choice is 0.62
- Many odor problems from confinement operations are related to the release of ammonia from manure.
- Texas has the greatest total number of beef cattle.
- Milk fever is a nutritional disease with a lack of calcium in the blood.
- The age and marbling of beef animals affects the quality grade.
- Mating different family lines within the same breed is outcrossing.
- Maternal quality refers to ability to raise large litters of pigs.
- The in 1985 checkoff was the Beef Promotion and Research Act.
- Gelbvieh cattle were originally red in color.
- Murray Grey cattle came from Australia.
- Maine-Anjou cattle were originally used as draft animals, imported from France.
- Water is the most important nutrient in a swine ration.
- How well an animal likes or accepts a feed is called palatability.
- The major issue of animal rights in livestock is confinement.
- Fine-wool sheep are evaluated on fleece.
- A male castrated before sexual maturity is called barrow in swine.
- Purebred swine associations do not require weaning weight for registration, but do require ear notches, number of pigs farrowed, and date farrowed.
- Price per CWT is not required on a feed tag, but active drug ingredient, ingredients, and quaranteed analysis are.
- Hampshire swine originated in New York/New Jersey.
- Diarthroses joints allow free movement and have fluid.
- Angus and Hereford originated from the Bos taurus species.
- Gestation for swine is 114 days.
- Vitamin D is fat-soluble and for bone development and calcium absorption.
- Testes produce sperm cells and testosterone.
- The most common sheep identification system is ear tags.
- Tetanus is a bacterial disease.
- Lysine is first limiting in swine rations.
- Number of pigs weaned per sow per sow, and feed efficiency influence profitability.
- A nutrient is an essential/non-essential element or compound.
- Finish is the amount of fat cover on a market steer.
- Chester White swine originated in Pennsylvania.
- Subclinical diseases have effects too low to see.
- Cattle sold via bidding are sold in an auction market.
- Fertility is the ability to sustain reproduction.
- Cattle have 30 pairs of chromosomes.
- Swine is most efficient converting feed to energy and protein.
- Ammoniacal nitrogen multiplied by 6.25 gives crude protein.
- Hybrid vigor is when crossbreds outperform purebreds.
- Anthrax bacteria can remain in soil for 40 years or longer.
- A common disqualification rule is color markings for registering animals.
- Fistulated cattle are used for nutrition studies and research.
- Mutation is a permanent change in the genotype of offspring.
- Brisket disease affects the heart
- Polled Herefords originated from a genetic mutation of horn cattle.
- Animals from mating two different breeds are crossbred.
- The most prevalent sheep breed is Suffolk.
- Lactation is milk secretion/production in sheep, cattle, and swine.
- EPD is a measure of the degree of difference between the offspring of a specific bull and offspring of the average bull of the breed in the trait begin measured.
- A Freemartin is an infertile female calf born as a twin to a fertile male.
- Cattle have a normal body temp of 101.5 oF.
- Intranasal is a medication sprayed directly into the animal's nostrils.
- Swine dysentery is also known as Bloody scours.
- Pinkeye is a disease carried by insects affecting cattle eyes.
- Feed efficiency has the lowest heritability estimate in sheep.
- The component containing the most easily digested carbohydrates is nitrogen free extract.
- Corn has the highest total digestible nutrients (TDN).
- Serums are used to produce immunity and derived from plasma and fibrinogen.
- Dual-purpose breeds are for both milk and meat production.
- Chianina is an exotic breed of cattle that originated from Italy.
- Landrace has the highest litter size ration comparing breed performance for litter size in swine.
- The Pork Promotion, Research and Consumer Information Act of 1985 established an assessment of 40 cents per $100 value of pork sold in the United States.
- Goat meat is marked under the name of Chevon.
- Tuberculosis is the disease caused by an organism that affects the lungs
- Cotswold sheep are classified as Long Wool.
- The trachea carries air to an animal's lungs.
- The average normal temperature of healthy swine is 102.6.
- The vitamins that are stored are fat soluble.
- Carcass length has the highest heritability estimate in swine.
- Gestation for goats is 150 days.
- Hypoglycemia is a condition caused by a lack of sugar.
- Crimp is the natural waviness of wool fiber.
- Warts are growths on cattle skin caused by a virus.
- A system for future delivery contracts of cattle is futures market.
- Finnsheep are noted for producing a 200 to 250 percent lamb crop.
- Artificial insemination is placing sperm in the female reproductive tract by other means than natural mating.
- Cattle have 30 pairs of chromosomes.
- Shrinkage: cattle can generally lose from 1 to 5 percent of their weight when transported.
- Phenotype represents the physical appearance of an animal.
- Tattoo is an animal identification system that is a puncture in the skin of numbers or letters.
- The recommended protein percent for grower swine from weaning to 75 lbs is 0.19.
- Wild cattle evolved as Aurochs.
- EPD stands for expected progeny difference.
- Pantothenic acid is water-soluble.
- Colostrum is the first milk produced by a cow after giving birth.
- Testosterone is responsible for the masculine appearance.
- Feed provided to young as an extra ration in an area inaccessible to mothers is creep feed.
- Increasing cattle feed by 0.01 % is what should be done for each degree of cold stress.
- The total protein in feed is crude protein.
- Labor is the critical stage of production in livestock when giving birth to offspring.
- Rib has the highest value wholesale cuts of beef.
- The average feed conversion ratio for beef cattle on full feed is 6:1-7:1
- Maintenance ration is formulated to keep an animal at its current weight and size.
- Flushing is feeding a ration for ten days to two weeks before breeding.
- Sheep and swine have a normal body temperature of 102 o F.
- A hair disturbance is an objectionable inherited defect in swine.
- Fermentation is used to increase palatability.
- Feed efficiency increases from grinding.
- Morphological defects are due to genetics.
- Brucellosis infection can cause cattle to abort during the last half of pregnancy.
- The state having the highest population of sheep and lambs is Texas.
- 52% percent of income marketing in the United States comes from the beef industry.
- Limousin, Charolais, and Maine-Anjou cattle originated from France.
- The BQA protocol suggests doing intramuscular injection in the neck.
- An animal described as having post-legged has extremely straight hindlegs.
- The ancestors of animals are recorded in its pedigree.
- Charolais was the first continental breed to be imported in the US.
- The Limousin cattle breed is the most popular in Europe.
- Origin is the most common classification of sheep by.
- Swine can not synthesize all of the amino acids needed.
- The parasites affecting beef cattle are roundworms.
- The use of nitrogen for semen and embryos is cryopreservation.
- Swine are identified for registration with Ear notches.
- The biggest problem of raising sheep is internal parasites.
- The fast growing, meat-type goat with a brown head and white body and originally from South Africa is Boer.
- Atrophic Rhinitis affects the turbinate bones in swine.
- Swine's estrous cycle occurs every 21 days.
- The removal of tails from sheep is docking.
- Southdown is a solid white medium wool sheep breed.
- Texas Longhorn needed money appropriated in 1927 by the US congress to save them from extinction.
- Calves for veal are less than 3 months of age at slaughter.
- External fat on lamb is measured between the 12th and 13th rib.
- It is primarily Roughages in a maintenance ration for beef cattle.
- Bull represents male bovine of any age.
- Gestation time for cattle is 283 days.
- At best prices, lambs sell between March to May.
- Linebreeding is the selective form of breeding.
- Prices of hogs tend to be higher in December.
- Market hogs sold are priced at 70% carcass merit.
- Selenium is not in the body, but vitamins are.
- Southdown is known for sheep ancestry.
- Conception rate: rate of getting pregnant
- Scrapie: a disease that is in sheep/goats and it affects the brain.
- Calcium is a macro mineral.
- The majority of medium wool breeds originated in England,
- Swine carcasses have a loin to carcass of 0.2 %.
- Nitrogen is the element that is not a component of a protein.
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