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Questions and Answers
What is the suburethral diverticulum in mares?
What is the suburethral diverticulum in mares?
- A structure found in the cervix
- A sac-like structure near the opening of the urethra (correct)
- A fold in the uterine wall
- A structure formed by the fusion of uterine horns
In she-camels, what is unique about their uterine anatomy?
In she-camels, what is unique about their uterine anatomy?
- Their uterus has caruncles that secrete uterine milk
- They have a duplex uterus with completely separate cervices
- They lack a cervix in their uterus
- The uterine horns are largely prominent (correct)
Which statement accurately describes the sow's uterine anatomy?
Which statement accurately describes the sow's uterine anatomy?
- The sow's uterus is bicornuate with two uterine horns and one body (correct)
- The sow has a duplex uterus with two separate cervices
- It has an endometrium with leaf-like folds
- It consists of a uterus with no body but large horns
What is the function of the endometrium in ruminants?
What is the function of the endometrium in ruminants?
How does the structure of the sow's uterus differ from that of the mare's?
How does the structure of the sow's uterus differ from that of the mare's?
What distinguishes the ruminant uterus from that of primates and humans?
What distinguishes the ruminant uterus from that of primates and humans?
What attaches the uterus to the sublumbar region and dorsolateral wall of the pelvic cavity?
What attaches the uterus to the sublumbar region and dorsolateral wall of the pelvic cavity?
Which part of the uterus is composed of two horns that vary in shape, mucosa, and length between species?
Which part of the uterus is composed of two horns that vary in shape, mucosa, and length between species?
In which animal's uterine anatomy does the uterus have two rows of structures parallel to the greater curvature and two rows parallel to the lesser curvature of the horn?
In which animal's uterine anatomy does the uterus have two rows of structures parallel to the greater curvature and two rows parallel to the lesser curvature of the horn?
Which part of the uterus varies in length and mucosa among different species?
Which part of the uterus varies in length and mucosa among different species?
Where does the round ligament of the uterus extend to in some animals like bitches and terminate subcutaneously near the vulva?
Where does the round ligament of the uterus extend to in some animals like bitches and terminate subcutaneously near the vulva?
Which structure forms when chorionic villi of the fetus meet uterine caruncles in the uterus?
Which structure forms when chorionic villi of the fetus meet uterine caruncles in the uterus?
What is the shape of the uterine body in a she-camel?
What is the shape of the uterine body in a she-camel?
What is the characteristic shape of the ruminants' uterine horns?
What is the characteristic shape of the ruminants' uterine horns?
In which animal's uterine anatomy does the cervix have tubular glands?
In which animal's uterine anatomy does the cervix have tubular glands?
How is the cervix described in terms of consistency?
How is the cervix described in terms of consistency?
What is the uterine body characterized by in ruminants?
What is the uterine body characterized by in ruminants?
Which animal's uterine horns become gradually narrower towards the tip?
Which animal's uterine horns become gradually narrower towards the tip?
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Study Notes
Uterus Structure and Function
- The uterus is a hollow, muscular organ in the abdominal cavity, extending into the pelvic cavity in ruminants.
- It receives the fertilized ovum, providing a site for implantation, development, and protection of the fetus until birth.
- The uterus expels the fetus by muscular contraction.
Uterus Types in Different Species
- Simplex uterus: no horns, isthmus connected to uterine body; found in primates and humans.
- Duplex uterus: two completely separated horns, each with a separate cervix; found in marsupials and rabbits.
- Bicornuate uterus: two horns, one uterine body, and one cervix; found in all domestic animals, including pigs, cows, mares, and sheep.
Uterine Wall Structure
- Endometrium: the lining mucous, highly glandular, and secretes uterine milk during estrus and pregnancy.
- Myometrium: an intermediate smooth muscle layer, forming the bulk of the uterine wall, thicker in the cervix.
- Perimetrium: an outer serous layer, continuous with the broad ligament.
Uterine Caruncles
- Lightly elevated prominences in the endometrium of ruminants.
- Arranged in longitudinal rows, varying in number, shape, and size with the functional state of the uterus and age of the animal.
- Receive the chorionic villi of the fetus, forming the placentome.
Fixation and Relations of the Uterus
- Mesometrium: a double peritoneal fold attaching the uterus to the sublumbar region and dorsolateral wall of the pelvic cavity.
- Round ligament of the uterus: a cord-like structure extending from the tip of the uterine horn to the internal inguinal ring.
- Pressure of surrounding organs in the abdominal cavity, including intestinal coils, and relations with the rectum and urinary bladder in the pelvic cavity.
Parts of the Uterus
- Uterine horns: vary in shape, mucosa, and length between species.
- Uterine body: varies in length and mucosa between species.
- Cervix: the terminal part, opening into the vagina, with varying structure and shape among species.
Uterine Horns, Body, and Cervix
- Uterine horns: coiled in ruminants, straight in mares and bitches, flexuous in sows, and T-shaped in she-camels.
- Uterine body: short in ruminants and bitches, long in mares and sows.
- Cervix: cylindrical, thick, and firm in consistency, acting as a sphincter of the uterus, with a varying shape and length among species.
- Cervical canal: closed except during estrus and parturition, with varying shape and length among species.
Ruminants Uterus
- Uterine horns: coiled, gradually narrowing towards the tip, united by dorsal and ventral intercornual ligaments.
- Endometrium: characterized by uterine caruncles.
- Uterine body: very short, around 1-3 cm.
- Cervical canal: narrow and spiral, with numerous longitudinal folds and 3 transverse folds.
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