18 Questions
What is the suburethral diverticulum in mares?
A sac-like structure near the opening of the urethra
In she-camels, what is unique about their uterine anatomy?
The uterine horns are largely prominent
Which statement accurately describes the sow's uterine anatomy?
The sow's uterus is bicornuate with two uterine horns and one body
What is the function of the endometrium in ruminants?
To secrete uterine milk during estrous and pregnancy
How does the structure of the sow's uterus differ from that of the mare's?
Mares have more glandular endometrium compared to sows
What distinguishes the ruminant uterus from that of primates and humans?
Presence of caruncles on the endometrium
What attaches the uterus to the sublumbar region and dorsolateral wall of the pelvic cavity?
Round ligament
Which part of the uterus is composed of two horns that vary in shape, mucosa, and length between species?
Body
In which animal's uterine anatomy does the uterus have two rows of structures parallel to the greater curvature and two rows parallel to the lesser curvature of the horn?
Ruminants
Which part of the uterus varies in length and mucosa among different species?
Cervix
Where does the round ligament of the uterus extend to in some animals like bitches and terminate subcutaneously near the vulva?
Inguinal canal
Which structure forms when chorionic villi of the fetus meet uterine caruncles in the uterus?
Placentome
What is the shape of the uterine body in a she-camel?
T-shape
What is the characteristic shape of the ruminants' uterine horns?
Coiled like ram horns
In which animal's uterine anatomy does the cervix have tubular glands?
Goat
How is the cervix described in terms of consistency?
Cylindrical, thick, and firm
What is the uterine body characterized by in ruminants?
Uterine caruncles
Which animal's uterine horns become gradually narrower towards the tip?
Ruminants
Study Notes
Uterus Structure and Function
- The uterus is a hollow, muscular organ in the abdominal cavity, extending into the pelvic cavity in ruminants.
- It receives the fertilized ovum, providing a site for implantation, development, and protection of the fetus until birth.
- The uterus expels the fetus by muscular contraction.
Uterus Types in Different Species
- Simplex uterus: no horns, isthmus connected to uterine body; found in primates and humans.
- Duplex uterus: two completely separated horns, each with a separate cervix; found in marsupials and rabbits.
- Bicornuate uterus: two horns, one uterine body, and one cervix; found in all domestic animals, including pigs, cows, mares, and sheep.
Uterine Wall Structure
- Endometrium: the lining mucous, highly glandular, and secretes uterine milk during estrus and pregnancy.
- Myometrium: an intermediate smooth muscle layer, forming the bulk of the uterine wall, thicker in the cervix.
- Perimetrium: an outer serous layer, continuous with the broad ligament.
Uterine Caruncles
- Lightly elevated prominences in the endometrium of ruminants.
- Arranged in longitudinal rows, varying in number, shape, and size with the functional state of the uterus and age of the animal.
- Receive the chorionic villi of the fetus, forming the placentome.
Fixation and Relations of the Uterus
- Mesometrium: a double peritoneal fold attaching the uterus to the sublumbar region and dorsolateral wall of the pelvic cavity.
- Round ligament of the uterus: a cord-like structure extending from the tip of the uterine horn to the internal inguinal ring.
- Pressure of surrounding organs in the abdominal cavity, including intestinal coils, and relations with the rectum and urinary bladder in the pelvic cavity.
Parts of the Uterus
- Uterine horns: vary in shape, mucosa, and length between species.
- Uterine body: varies in length and mucosa between species.
- Cervix: the terminal part, opening into the vagina, with varying structure and shape among species.
Uterine Horns, Body, and Cervix
- Uterine horns: coiled in ruminants, straight in mares and bitches, flexuous in sows, and T-shaped in she-camels.
- Uterine body: short in ruminants and bitches, long in mares and sows.
- Cervix: cylindrical, thick, and firm in consistency, acting as a sphincter of the uterus, with a varying shape and length among species.
- Cervical canal: closed except during estrus and parturition, with varying shape and length among species.
Ruminants Uterus
- Uterine horns: coiled, gradually narrowing towards the tip, united by dorsal and ventral intercornual ligaments.
- Endometrium: characterized by uterine caruncles.
- Uterine body: very short, around 1-3 cm.
- Cervical canal: narrow and spiral, with numerous longitudinal folds and 3 transverse folds.
Learn about the varying lengths and shapes of reproductive organs in different animal species, such as ruminants, mares, sows, she-camels, and uterine bodies. Understand the differences in structures like uterine horns, cervix, and intercornual ligaments.
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