Animal Reproduction

• Regeneration is when animals regrow lost body parts or form new individuals from body fragments, like starfish.
• Fertilization is the union of sperm and egg to form a zygote, which develops into a new organism.
• External fertilization occurs outside the female's body, often in water, as seen in amphibians and fish.
• Rhizobium bacteria are symbiotic bacteria in legumes that help fix nitrogen in the soil and contribute to animal digestion and reproduction.
• Ovoviviparous reproduction is when offspring develop inside eggs that remain inside the mother's body until they hatch, as seen in some sharks and snakes.
• Asexual reproduction is when an organism produces offspring without fertilization, resulting in genetically identical individuals.
• Viviparous animals give birth to live young instead of laying eggs, such as humans, dogs, and cats.
• Sperm is the male reproductive cell responsible for fertilization.
• Oviparous animals lay eggs for reproduction, such as birds, reptiles, and most fish.
• Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into an individual without fertilization, seen in certain reptiles, insects, and fish.
• Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction where an organism splits into two identical individuals, commonly seen in bacteria and protists.
• Internal fertilization occurs inside the female's body, common in mammals, birds, and reptiles.
• An egg (ovum) is the female reproductive cell that combines with sperm during fertilization to form a new organism.
• Sexual reproduction requires two parents and results in genetic variation in offspring.
• Budding is a process where a new organism grows out of the body of the parent, as seen in hydra and yeast.
• Sunlight is the main source of energy for plants and is used in photosynthesis.
• Chlorophyll is the green pigment that captures light energy during photosynthesis.
• Plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis.
• Glucose is the primary product of photosynthesis, which provides energy for the plant.
• Magnesium is essential for chlorophyll production.
• Plants obtain nitrogen primarily from the soil in the form of nitrates and ammonium.
• Autotrophic nutrition is when green plants make their own food through photosynthesis.
• Transpiration is when plants release excess water in the form of vapor.
• Nitrogen is a macronutrient required in large amounts for plant growth.
• Phosphorus is essential for strong root systems and flower formation.
• Roots absorb most of the water and minerals needed by the plant.
• Potassium helps regulate water balance and enzyme functions in plants.
• Phosphorus is a macronutrient, not a micronutrient.
• Plant roots absorb water mainly through passive absorption by osmosis.
• Legumes have Rhizobium bacteria in their root nodules, which help fix nitrogen from the air into the soil.

Explore diverse animal reproduction methods. Learn about regeneration, fertilization, and the roles of Rhizobium bacteria. Understand ovoviviparous, asexual, viviparous, sperm, and oviparous reproduction strategies in the animal kingdom.