Animal Reproduction and Ruminant Digestion Quiz

The process of sperm cell development within the testes.

The period when animals are sexually active and reproduce.

The fluid containing the sperm cells, released during ejaculation.

The length of daylight which influences sperm production.

The total volume of semen released during ejaculation.

The number of sperm cells per unit volume of semen (e.g., per ml).

The minimum number of sperm cells required for successful artificial insemination.

Introducing sperm into the female reproductive tract using artificial methods.

The process where a single sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell.

The amount of a nutrient absorbed by an animal from its feed, expressed as a percentage of the intake.

A percentage representing the amount of a nutrient digested by an animal.

The chemical breakdown of food into smaller, absorbable molecules.

The difference between the nutrients consumed in the feed and those excreted in the feces.

A standard method for analyzing the chemical composition of feed materials.

The proportion of a nutrient in a feed that can be digested and used by the animal.

The process of converting feed into animal products like milk, meat, or eggs.

Losses that occur during the conversion of feed into animal products.

The carbohydrates hemicellulose and cellulose combined, often used to estimate feed energy value.

A standard measure of fiber content used in feed energy calculations.

The time between two ovulations in female mammals with a spontaneous ovarian cycle (excluding humans). It's characterized by behavioral changes in the female, making her receptive to mating.

The stage within the oestrous cycle where the female displays mating behavior, allowing for mating. This is the period during or shortly after ovulation.

The first phase of the oestrous cycle, when the Graafian follicles in the ovary start to grow and develop. It's influenced by the hormone FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone).

The second phase of the oestrous cycle, when ovulation occurs, and the released egg is ready for fertilization. Influenced by the hormone LH (Luteinizing Hormone).

The third phase of the oestrous cycle, when the remains of the Graafian follicles transform into corpora lutea, which produce progesterone. LH hormone is still involved here.

The longest phase of the oestrous cycle, characterized by the presence of functional corpora lutea in the ovary, which produce progesterone. It ends with the regression of the corpora lutea.

A type of ovulation that occurs in response to mating, rather than spontaneously at regular intervals. Seen in animals like rabbits and cats.

The breakdown of complex carbohydrates in plant cell walls by microorganisms in the rumen.

Volatile fatty acids produced during rumen fermentation, primarily acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid.

Proteins synthesized by microorganisms in the rumen that are a major source of amino acids for the ruminant.

The process by which VFAs are absorbed from the rumen into the bloodstream.

The discovery that a specific nutrient deficiency caused Beriberi, a disease in chickens, led to the understanding of vitamins.

Gerrit Grijns, Eijkman's assistant, identified that Beriberi was caused by the lack of a specific nutrient, rather than bacteria or toxins.

Casimir Funk, a Polish biochemist, coined the term "vitamines" in 1914 to represent these essential nutrients whose lack caused diseases like Beriberi.

Vitamins are organic compounds essential for animal health, even in tiny amounts, and cannot be synthesized sufficiently by the body.

Vitamins are categorized into two groups based on their solubility: fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Fat-soluble vitamins, like A, D, E, and K, can dissolve in fats and oils and are stored in the body.

Water-soluble vitamins, including B-complex vitamins and vitamin C, dissolve in water and are not stored in the body.

Vitamins play essential roles in various bodily functions, such as growth, development, and immunity.

Understanding vitamin structures enabled scientists to synthesize them, reducing reliance on natural sources and preventing deficiencies.

The mouth is the first stage of digestion where food is mechanically broken down by chewing and mixed with saliva.