Animal Nutrition and Feeding Methods

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What is one of the advantages of individual housing for young calves?

Allow for reduced labour input

Improved calf health (correct)

Encouraged for welfare reasons

Reduced space requirements

At what age are calves usually group penned?

Between 1-3 days old

Immediately after birth

Between 4-6 days old

From seven days of age (correct)

Why are isolation pens important for calves?

To encourage group housing

To reduce space requirements

To increase the spread of disease/infection

To allow for efficient treatment of a sick calf (correct)

What is a disadvantage of individual housing for calves?

Not encouraged for welfare reasons Signup and view all the answers

When can calves be kept in individual pens after 8 weeks old?

Only if a vet certifies that its health or behavior requires it to be isolated in order to receive treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which housing option is recommended for welfare reasons and reduced labor input?

Group hutches or igloos Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of pair/group housing for calves soon after birth?

Increase in weight gains and intake of solid feed Signup and view all the answers

Why is grouping calves into large groups at younger ages considered a disadvantage with automated feeding?

Problem calves may not be identified easily Signup and view all the answers

What are the upper and lower critical temperatures for calves respectively?

25-26°C and 10-15°C Signup and view all the answers

How can calf jackets be used in relation to the upper and lower critical temperatures?

Create a barrier to unfavourable environmental conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum recommended stocking density/air spaces per calf within a building for newborn and 12-week-old calves respectively?

6.0m3 and 12.0m3 Signup and view all the answers

What strategies can be used to reduce stocking density for calves in an indoor barn?

Ensure good ventilation and good drainage Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary driver of major environmental destruction related to cattle farming?

Deforestation for cattle grazing and raising crops Signup and view all the answers

'Ruminant livestock production is entirely consistent with proper agronomy practices in which forages are grown on...' what percentage of arable land?

25% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of controlling lungworm infections in herds or flocks?

Vaccination Signup and view all the answers

How are oral vaccines for Dictyocaulus viviparus administered in Europe?

Two doses of irradiated infective larvae administered 4 weeks apart Signup and view all the answers

Why might some vaccinated animals still excrete larvae and contribute to pasture contamination?

Some vaccinated animals may become mildly infected despite vaccination Signup and view all the answers

How does edema and neutrophils in the alveoli and bronchioles affect gas exchange?

Air cannot enter affected alveoli, leading to decreased ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What role do prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators play in gas exchange disturbances?

Cause vasodilation, increasing blood flow through capillaries surrounding alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the key to overcoming challenges faced by farm animal vets in developing a veterinary advisory role?

Developing effective communication skills Signup and view all the answers

According to the Veterinary Surgeons Act, what does 'veterinary surgery' include?

'Veterinary surgery' includes giving advice based on diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What may be a challenge for farmers when receiving animal health advice from various sources?

Ability to determine the reliability of different sources Signup and view all the answers

What are the key points to measure/compare when assessing ventilation adequacy?

Humidity, air speed, and temperature Signup and view all the answers

In a housing system, why is it important to provide good ventilation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the stack effect in the context of ventilation in a barn?

The movement of air caused by thermal differences Signup and view all the answers

What strategy could be used to improve ventilation in a barn in addition to natural ventilation?

Using fan-assisted ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical utility of a bovine respiratory disease scoring system?

To assist with the early identification of affected animals Signup and view all the answers

According to Zoe's explanation, what influences the decision to move from individual treatment to group level treatment for bovine respiratory disease?

Severity of disease and client expectations/management Signup and view all the answers

What is a Herd Health Plan primarily focused on?

Organizing disease prevention strategies Signup and view all the answers

What are the aspects that should be included in a Herd Health Plan according to Divya's explanation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended weight gain per day for dairy heifers?

0.8-0.9kg Signup and view all the answers

Which feeding method allows animals to self-regulate their milk intake?

Frequent Small Feedings Signup and view all the answers

What is the main type of immunoglobulin found in colostrum?

IgG Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the innate immune system aids in trapping foreign substances and microbial pathogens in the upper respiratory tract?

Goblet cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the airways?

Initiating immune responses Signup and view all the answers

How does long-term stress affect the immune response?

Suppresses both innate and adaptive immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which organization recommends prioritized vaccinations in cattle, including for calf pneumonia?

Noah Signup and view all the answers

Why is there likely to be a difference in the cause of an outbreak of coughing in older heifers compared to young calves?

Development of immunity in older heifers Signup and view all the answers