Animal Kingdom Diversity and Classification
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Questions and Answers

What is a distinguishing feature of the subphylum Chelicerata?

  • They have a segmented body divided into three main parts.
  • They possess a distinct head with a pair of antennae.
  • Their circulatory system is closed, using veins and arteries.
  • Their first pair of appendages are specialized mouthparts called chelicerae. (correct)

How do terrestrial chelicerates primarily exchange gases?

  • Using book lungs or tracheae. (correct)
  • By diffusion through their exoskeleton.
  • Through their gills.
  • With specialized veins.

What role do chelicerae play in spiders specifically?

  • They are primarily used for locomotion.
  • They are modified to inject venom into prey. (correct)
  • They assist in the excretion process.
  • They serve as sensory appendages.

What type of circulatory system do chelicerates have?

<p>An open circulatory system with a tube-like heart. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals is NOT part of the subphylum Chelicerata?

<p>Crayfish (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of muscle tissue in animals?

<p>Facilitate locomotion and movements within the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells do most animals possess?

<p>Diploid somatic cells and haploid gamete cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding animal reproduction?

<p>Most animals undergo sexual reproduction, with some exceptions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes animals from other kingdoms like fungi and bacteria regarding reproduction?

<p>Sexual reproduction is more common in animals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During sexual reproduction, what happens after fertilization?

<p>Cells divide and differentiate to form tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of male bees, wasps, and ants in terms of cell type?

<p>They have haploid cells resulting from fertilization. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does epithelial tissue play in the animal body?

<p>Covers internal and external surfaces of organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily composes connective tissue?

<p>Cells and extracellular material with organic and inorganic components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals is an example of an asymmetrical animal?

<p>Sponge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of symmetry do sea anemones exhibit?

<p>Radial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many embryonic germ layers do diploblast animals have?

<p>Two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is not present in diploblasts?

<p>Mesoderm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of animals with bilateral symmetry?

<p>Only one plane of symmetry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coelom in triploblast animals?

<p>It houses and protects internal organs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of triploblast animals?

<p>They develop three germ layers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animal types develops from the mesoderm?

<p>Goat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of digestive system do most flatworms have?

<p>Incomplete digestive system with a single opening used for intake and expulsion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cestodes obtain their nutrients?

<p>By absorbing nutrients directly across their body wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for excretion and regulation of dissolved salts in flatworms?

<p>Excretory system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limits the thickness of flatworms' bodies?

<p>The need for gas and nutrient exchange via diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reproductive strategy is common among some flatworm groups?

<p>Asexual reproduction allowing regeneration from parts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of flatworms includes free-living marine species?

<p>Turbellaria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the nervous system of flatworms?

<p>It features a pair of nerve cords with a ganglion at the anterior end (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is common among most flatworm species in terms of reproduction?

<p>They are monoecious, possessing both male and female reproductive organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes sponges from more complex animals?

<p>Sponges lack true tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do sponges primarily rely on for their feeding and gas exchange?

<p>Intimate contact with water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the body structures of sponges facilitate their feeding?

<p>By dedicating much of their structure to moving water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in leg structure between Hexapoda and Myriapoda?

<p>Hexapoda typically have six legs while Myriapoda can have many more. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the large central cavity within a sponge?

<p>Spongocoel. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about crustaceans is true?

<p>Crustaceans have an exoskeleton often reinforced with calcium carbonate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of animals displays the most primitive form of multicellularity?

<p>Sponges. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about cnidarians?

<p>They are the simplest animals with true tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the respiratory system in insects?

<p>It functions through a series of tracheae. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the osculum in a sponge's body structure?

<p>It allows water to flow out of the sponge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary habitat preference for Myriapoda?

<p>Humid terrestrial environments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the body structure of crustaceans primarily organized?

<p>Into a head, thorax, and cephalothorax. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the majority of animal species on Earth?

<p>Invertebrate animals, making up about 95 percent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes serial hermaphroditism in certain crustacean species?

<p>The ability to switch from producing sperm to ova. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about insects is correct?

<p>Insects have developed digestive and respiratory systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diet do most crustaceans primarily follow?

<p>Carnivorous with some being detritivores or filter feeders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Muscle tissue function

Muscle tissue contracts to cause all kinds of body movement.

Connective tissues

Animal tissues that provide support and transport functions.

Epithelial tissue

Tissue that covers internal and external surfaces of organs.

Animal reproduction

Animals reproduce sexually, often in addition to asexual methods.

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Sexual reproduction

Male and female gametes combine in fertilization.

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Diploid cells

Body cells with two sets of chromosomes.

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Haploid cells

Reproductive cells with one set of chromosomes.

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Animal development

Cells specialize and form tissues during development.

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Asymmetry

Animals without any pattern or symmetry, lacking defined planes of symmetry. An example of an asymmetrical animal is a sponge.

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Radial Symmetry

Animals with a top-bottom orientation, any plane cut along the body produces mirror-image halves. A sea anemone is an example.

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Bilateral Symmetry

Animals with a single plane of symmetry, dividing into left and right halves. Examples include humans and goats.

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Germ Layers

Early tissues formed during embryonic development, determining future organs and tissues.

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Diploblast

Animals that develop from two germ layers: ectoderm (outer) and endoderm (inner). They exhibit radial symmetry.

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Triploblast

Animals that develop from three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm (middle). They exhibit bilateral symmetry.

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Coelom

A fluid-filled cavity between the digestive system and body wall, derived from mesoderm. It houses organs like the kidneys and contains the circulatory system.

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What is the difference between a diploblast and a triploblast?

Diploblasts develop two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm) during embryonic development, leading to radial symmetry. Triploblasts develop three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm), resulting in bilateral symmetry.

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What is a sponge?

A simple aquatic animal belonging to the phylum Porifera, lacking true tissues but having specialized cells.

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What is a spongocoel?

The central cavity of a sponge where water flows through.

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What is the osculum?

The large opening at the top of a sponge where water exits.

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What is a cnidarian?

A simple animal with two tissue layers, exhibiting radial symmetry, belonging to the phylum Cnidaria.

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What are cnidocytes?

Specialized stinging cells used by cnidarians for defense and capturing prey.

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What is a polyp?

A cnidarian body form that is sessile and attached to a surface.

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What is a medusa?

A cnidarian body form that is free-floating and bell-shaped.

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What is a gastrovascular cavity?

A central cavity in cnidarians that serves for digestion and circulation.

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Hexapoda

Insects, with six legs and a body divided into head, thorax, and abdomen. They have wings on the thorax.

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Myriapoda

Arthropods with many legs, including millipedes and centipedes.

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What are the dominant aquatic arthropods?

Crustaceans, like shrimp, lobsters, crabs, and crayfish.

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Cephalothorax

The fused head and thorax found in some crustaceans.

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Carapace

The protective plate covering the cephalothorax in some crustaceans.

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Open circulatory system

A circulatory system where blood is pumped into the hemocoel without blood vessels.

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Hermaphrodite

An organism having both male and female reproductive organs.

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Serial hermaphroditism

When an organism's gonads can switch from producing sperm to ova over its lifespan.

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Chelicerata

A subphylum of arthropods characterized by chelicerae, the first pair of appendages, used for feeding and venom injection in spiders.

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Chelicerae

The first pair of appendages in chelicerates, often modified for feeding or venom delivery.

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Book Lungs

Respiratory organs in some terrestrial chelicerates, consisting of stacked, leaf-like plates for gas exchange.

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Gill Respiration

The process of breathing using gills, specialized organs for gas exchange in aquatic animals.

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Flatworm Digestion

Most flatworms have an incomplete digestive system with a single opening, the mouth, used for both eating and waste removal. Some species have an anal opening. The gut can be a simple sac or highly branched.

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Extracellular Digestion

Flatworms break down food outside their cells. Enzymes are secreted into the digestive tract, and digested materials are then taken into cells by phagocytosis.

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Cestode Digestion

Cestodes (tapeworms) are parasitic flatworms that lack a digestive system. They absorb nutrients directly across their body wall from their host's digestive system.

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Flatworm Excretion

Flatworms have a network of tubules throughout their body that open to the environment. These tubules are equipped with flame cells, whose cilia beat to filter and expel waste fluids from the body.

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Flatworm Nervous System

The nervous system of a flatworm consists of two nerve cords running along the length of the body, connected by a large cluster of nerve cells called a ganglion at the anterior end. This ganglion also contains sensory cells, like those for light and chemicals.

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Flatworm Gas Exchange

Flatworms lack a circulatory and respiratory system. They rely on diffusion and intercellular junctions for gas and nutrient exchange. This limits their body thickness, making them "flat" worms.

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Flatworm Reproduction

Most flatworms are hermaphrodites, possessing both male and female reproductive organs. They often reproduce sexually, and some groups can reproduce asexually by regenerating a whole organism from a body fragment.

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Flatworm Classes

Flatworms are traditionally divided into four classes: Turbellaria, Monogenea, Trematoda, and Cestoda. Turbellarians are mainly free-living, while the others are parasitic.

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Study Notes

Animal Kingdom Diversity

  • Animals are multicellular eukaryotes
  • All animals are heterotrophic; they obtain energy by consuming other organisms
  • Most animals are motile, at least during some stage of their life cycle
  • Animals exhibit a wide variety of body plans and structures
  • Animal classification systems are based on morphology, embryological development, and genetic makeup

Features of the Animal Kingdom

  • Eukaryotic and multicellular
  • Specialized tissues develop in most animals
  • Most animals are motile
  • Heterotrophic nutrition
  • Reproduction mainly sexual, but asexual methods also exist

Animal Reproduction and Development

  • Most animals reproduce sexually, involving the fusion of gametes
  • Diploid body cells and haploid gametes
  • Modes of sexual reproduction vary
  • Fertilization may be internal or external
  • Development may involve metamorphosis

Classification Features of Animals

  • Body symmetry (asymmetrical, radial, bilateral)
  • Tissue layers (diploblastic, triploblastic)
  • Body cavity (acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate)
  • Embryological development (protostomes, deuterostomes)

Sponges (Porifera)

  • Simplest animals
  • Lack true tissues and organs
  • Mostly marine
  • Filter feeders; water flows through pores into a central cavity
  • Support structures of spicules or fibers

Cnidarians (Cnidaria)

  • Radial or biradial symmetry
  • Diploblastic
  • Two body forms (polyp and medusa)
  • Gastrovascular cavity
  • Stinging cells (cnidocytes)
  • Mostly marine

Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)

  • Acoelomate
  • Triploblastic
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Incomplete digestive system
  • Mostly parasitic (some free-living)

Roundworms (Nematoda)

  • Pseudocoelomate
  • Triploblastic
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Complete digestive system

Arthropods

  • Coelomate
  • Triploblastic
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Jointed appendages
  • Exoskeleton (chitinous)
  • Extensive diversity of body forms and lifestyles

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Chapter 15: Diversity of Animals PDF

Description

Explore the fascinating diversity of the Animal Kingdom with this quiz. Learn about their characteristics, reproduction methods, and classification based on body plan and genetic makeup. Test your understanding of animal features and their roles in the ecosystem.

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