Animal Diseases and Causes

Lymph carries antiseptic substances, leukocytes, and macrophages.

Lymph glands, spleen, and liver act as filters for lymph.

The body's reaction to an irritant, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain.

Increased blood flow to a damaged area.

Immunity acquired through the body's active production of antibodies.

Immunity acquired through the introduction of pre-formed antibodies.

Factors that make an animal more susceptible to diseases, like domestication, underfeeding, improper management, and natural factors.

Agents, such as microorganisms, that cause disease.

Biting midges that annoy livestock and transmit diseases like bluetongue and African horse sickness.

Horn flies that primarily feed on and live on cattle.

Female mosquitoes lay eggs on water's surface, larvae are aquatic, pupate, then emerge as adults.

Mosquitoes transmit diseases like equine encephalomyelitis, equine infectious anemia, anaplasmosis and microfilaria.

Ticks are divided into hard ticks (Ixodidae) and soft ticks (Argasidae), distinguished by the presence or absence of a scutum.

Tick infestations cause irritation, blood loss, and can lead to anemia and loss of animal production.

Ticks transmit diseases like babesiosis and anaplasmosis.

Control methods for biting flies include draining breeding areas, using insecticides, and proper waste disposal.

A common tapeworm found in the small intestine of dogs, cats, foxes, and occasionally humans.

The dog and cat flea (Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis) act as an intermediate host for Dipylidium caninum.

Infection occurs when an animal ingests an infected flea.

A tapeworm found in the posterior small intestine of chickens.

Ants act as the intermediate host for Raillietina tetragona.

Roundworm infections can cause diarrhea, often with blood, in infected animals.

A type of threadworm that infects ruminants, primarily in the small intestine.

A type of threadworm commonly found in the small intestine of pigs.

Ancylostoma caninum is a roundworm that infects dogs and other carnivores. It primarily resides in the small intestine, causing anemia, weakness, and bloody feces.

Dogs get infected with hookworms through ingesting infected eggs or via larval penetration through the skin.

A condition where nematode larvae burrow into the skin, causing itchy tracks and raised bumps. It can affect humans and other animals, not just dogs.

Stephanus dentatus is a roundworm that infects pigs. It can inhabit the kidneys, liver, and other organs, causing weight loss and potentially ascites.

Dioctophyma renale is a large roundworm that infects dogs, foxes, and minks, primarily in the kidney.

Haemonchus contortus, a type of stomach worm, infects ruminants. This worm is named for its distinctive appearance.

Dictyocaulus viviparous is a lungworm that infects cattle and buffaloes, leading to coughing and breathing problems.

Metastrongylus apri is a lungworm that infects pigs, causing them to cough.

Gestating sows may experience abortion, potentially due to various factors including disease or stress.

Lactating sows often exhibit vomiting, diarrhea, and agalactia (lack of milk production) as signs of potential health issues.

Contagious ecthyma, commonly known as Orf or Sore mouth, is a contagious skin disease affecting young sheep and goats, primarily affecting their lips.

Orf spreads through direct contact with infected animals or indirectly through contaminated soil, equipment, feed, and water troughs.

Avian influenza, also called fowl plague or fowl pest, is a highly contagious and severe disease affecting various bird species, particularly chickens, turkeys, and pheasants.

Avian influenza symptoms include elevated body temperature, loss of appetite, lethargy, white necrotic areas on the comb and wattle, greenish diarrhea, cyanosis (bluish discoloration), and edema of the head, comb, and wattle.

Vaccination is a common control method for various diseases affecting animals, including contagious ecthyma (Orf) and avian influenza.

The time between exposure to a disease and the appearance of symptoms is called the incubation period.

Sodium hydroxide is used to combat anthrax bacillus and hog cholera virus in animals. This strong alkali acts as a disinfectant against these harmful pathogens.

Quicklime, calcium oxide, is mixed with water to form calcium hydroxide, which is then used to cover carcasses during burial. This process helps to neutralize harmful bacteria and prevent disease spread.

Acids like acetic acid and lactic acid are commonly used to preserve food and animal feed. They inhibit the growth of microorganisms, extending shelf life and preventing spoilage.

Boric acid is an effective antiseptic used as an eye wash. It combats bacteria and helps to soothe irritated tissues.

Phenol, in low concentrations, inhibits bacterial growth. It acts as a bacteriostatic agent, preventing bacteria from multiplying. However, high concentrations can be irritating to living tissues.

Cresol is a powerful disinfectant used to clean and sanitize trucks, pens, and railway cars. It is more effective than phenol in killing bacteria.

Chlorine is a widely used disinfectant for sterilizing water supplies, treating sewage water, and disinfecting everyday equipment. It effectively kills bacteria and other pathogens.

Iodine is a highly effective antiseptic used on skin to kill bacteria. It is also used to sterilize instruments between uses on different animals.