Animal Diseases and Causes

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymph?

To transport oxygen to tissues

To carry leukocytes and macrophages while containing antiseptic substances (correct)

To provide structural support to organs

To facilitate gas exchange in the lungs

Inflammatory reactions commonly exhibit which of the following cardinal signs?

Fever and chills

Redness, swelling, heat, and pain (correct)

Fatigue and dizziness

Nausea and vomiting

Active immunity can be acquired through which of the following means?

Direct antibody injection from another organism

Ingestion of pre-formed antibodies in colostrum

External application of antiviral creams

Natural infection or vaccination (correct)

Which option best describes passive immunity?

Resulting from the introduction of antibodies without the host's participation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT considered a predisposing factor in disease production?

Exposure to pathogens Signup and view all the answers

An example of a febrile reaction would be characterized by which of the following?

Body temperature rising above the normal level Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of swelling during an inflammatory reaction?

Leakage of substances from dilated vessels into surrounding tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of natural passive immunity?

It involves the consumption of colostrum. Signup and view all the answers

What viral diseases are transmitted by Culicoides spp.?

African horse sickness Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of control for Haematobia irritans?

Drainage of breeding areas Signup and view all the answers

What defines the life cycle of mosquitoes?

Gravid females lay eggs on the surface of water. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tick has a rigid chitinous scutum?

Hard ticks Signup and view all the answers

What impact do ticks have on livestock?

They transmit viral diseases and cause anemia. Signup and view all the answers

Which mosquito species is a vector for human malaria?

Anopheles gambiae Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases are commonly transmitted by mosquitoes?

Viral and blood diseases Signup and view all the answers

What does the control of mosquito populations primarily involve?

Proper drainage and insecticides Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true for Dipylidium caninum?

It resides in the small intestine of dogs and cats. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of infection for Roundworms?

By ingesting contaminated food or water. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is specifically indicated for Dipylidium caninum?

Praziquantel Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical signs are associated with Raillietina tetragona in chickens?

Reduced growth rate and emaciation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common mode of infection for threadworms?

Skin penetration, ingestion, and prenatal infection. Signup and view all the answers

What control method is suggested for managing Dipylidium caninum's intermediate host?

Application of acaricides. Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does a roundworm reach its immature adult phase?

At the L5 stage. Signup and view all the answers

Which option is a treatment for Raillietina tetragona infection?

Butyronate Signup and view all the answers

What clinical signs are associated with Ancylostoma caninum infection in dogs?

Anemia, edema, and itching of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of infection for Dioctophyma renale?

Ingestion of infected annelid or paratenic host Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite is known to cause severe anemia and dark-colored feces in ruminants?

Haemonchus contortus Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from larvae of nematodes entering the skin and causing inflamed tracks?

Cutaneous larva migrans Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Stephanus dentatus primarily located in swine?

Perirenal fat and kidney Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical clinical signs of infection with Dictyocaulus viviparous in cattle?

Persistent coughing and dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

What mode of infection does Ancylostoma caninum utilize?

Ingestion of infected eggs and skin penetration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parasites is specifically noted for causing dysuria in its hosts?

Dioctophyma renale Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma?

Pox virus Signup and view all the answers

What clinical sign is commonly observed in lambs or kids affected by contagious ecthyma?

Formation of papules and vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals is NOT primarily affected by avian influenza?

Cattle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of control for contagious ecthyma?

Vaccination Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with avian influenza in affected birds?

Greenish diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the severe clinical signs seen in goats infected with contagious ecthyma?

Thickened and stiff lips Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period for avian influenza?

Few days to one week Signup and view all the answers

What can occur as a result of agalactia in lactating sows?

Rapid emaciation of piglets Signup and view all the answers

Which acid is commonly used as a preservative to inhibit the growth of microorganisms?

Lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of sodium hydroxide in a health context?

Counteracting specific bacteria and viruses Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is particularly effective for disinfecting surfaces like trucks and pens?

Cresol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effective antiseptic used primarily for eye washes?

Boric acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of potassium permanganate in medical applications?

Fumigating buildings Signup and view all the answers

Which class of compounds is primarily used against non-spore forming bacteria?

Quaternary ammonium compounds Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is primarily used as a detergent and wetting agent in cleaning applications?

Soaps Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using anthelmintics in veterinary medicine?

Eliminating intestinal worms Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Animal Diseases and Their Causes

Understanding disease involves recognizing how different body parts function and the disruption of that function. Injuries like broken legs aren't considered diseases unless they interfere with normal bodily processes.
Disease etiology investigates causes. Diseases often result from a combination of indirect (predisposing) factors lowering resistance and direct (determining) factors causing the disease. "Stress" factors like poor ventilation or overcrowding are predisposing.
Direct causes include bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, nutritional deficiencies, chemical poisons, and unknown causes.

Methods of Infectious Agent Entrance

Infectious agents can enter the body through the mouth, upper respiratory system, skin, insect bites, mucous membrane of the eye, coitus (mating), udder, ruptured navel cord, and contaminated needles, syringes, and equipment.

Body Defenses Against Disease

Skin and mucous membranes are first lines of defense.
Body fluids like sweat and tears contain proteins like lysozyme with antiseptic action.
Lymph system carries leukocytes (WBCs) and macrophages for fighting infection.
Internal organs like lymph glands, spleen, and liver filter and clean body fluids.
Inflammatory response (redness, swelling, heat, pain) is a tissue reaction to irritants.
Fever (a febrile reaction) is a rise in body temperature, regulated by the thermoregulatory mechanisms, caused by microorganisms.
Immune reaction (immunity) is the body's ability to resist and overcome infections and diseases.

Active vs Passive Immunity

Active immunity results from the body's own antibody production, either through experiencing the illness or through vaccines.
Passive immunity involves acquiring antibodies from another source, such as colostrum or injection of antibodies, offering short-term protection.

Predisposing Factors in Disease Production

Factors such as inadequate nutrition, poor management, domestication, and environmental conditions (e.g., overcrowding or extreme temperatures) all lower an animal's resistance to disease.

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Description

This quiz explores the nature of animal diseases, their causes, and the methods through which infectious agents enter the body. It discusses the intersection of direct and indirect factors contributing to disease and outlines how the body defends itself against infections.