Animal Dermatology Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the following skin conditions with their descriptions:

Alopecia = Absence of hair Hypotrichosis = Less than the normal amount of hair Collagen dysplasia = Connective tissue disorder Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta = Failure of skin epithelium to develop completely

Match the types of environmental-induced skin diseases with their causes:

Sunburn = Direct endothelial damage and inflammation Photosensitization Type I = Exogenous photodynamic substances Chemical injury = Local application leading to skin damage Physical injury = Abrasion, laceration, or extremes in temperature

Match the types of photosensitization with their characteristics:

Type I = Exogenous origin, plant toxins Type II = Aberrant endogenous agents Type III = Hepatogenous type causing chronic lesions Type IV = Unknown etiology or pathogenesis

Match the symptoms of solar dermatitis with their descriptions:

Initial redness = Sunburn erythema and pain Chronic inflammation = Thickened skin and potential dysplasia Blistering = Fluid-filled lesions in acute cases Edema = Swelling surrounding the damaged area Signup and view all the answers

Match the psychological factors to their corresponding conditions:

Boredom = Leads to persistent licking Anxiety = Causes stress-related skin issues Loss of companion = Triggers psychogenic dermatitis New environment = Contributes to emotional disturbances Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of skin damage to their causes:

Abrasion = Physical injury from friction Laceration = Tear or cut in skin integrity Ulceration = Breakdown of skin due to various insults Radiation = Damage from excessive exposure to UV light Signup and view all the answers

Match the conditions related to sun exposure with their outcomes:

Sunburn = Initial erythema and pain Solar dermatitis = Thickened inflamed skin Chronic solar injury = Potential dysplasia and neoplasia Actinic injury = Direct damage to skin cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms associated with skin conditions to their effects:

Hyperextensibility = Skin stretches beyond normal limits Laxity = Decreased firmness of skin connective tissue Dermatitis = General inflammation of the skin Granuloma = Localised inflammatory response to irritants Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of skin diseases with their respective infectious agents:

Viral skin diseases = Poxviruses Bacterial skin diseases = Superficial Pyoderma Mycotic skin diseases = Fungal infections Parasitic skin diseases = Ectoparasites Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin lesions with their descriptions:

Vesicles = Fluid-filled blisters present on the skin Pustules = Fluid-filled lesions containing pus Crusts = Dried exudate forming a protective layer Erythematous dermatitis = Redness and inflammation of the skin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viral infections with their specific details:

Contagious Pustular Dermatitis = Parapoxvirus in sheep and goats Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) = Caused by vesicular viruses Canine Distemper = Epitheliotropic virus affecting dogs Scrapie = Brain disease similar to BSE affecting sheep Signup and view all the answers

Match the following animals with their associated viral skin diseases:

Sheep = Contagious Pustular Dermatitis Cattle = Bovine mammillitis virus Horses = Papilloma virus Dogs = Canine distemper virus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following routes of entry for infectious agents with their descriptions:

Trauma to epidermal surface = Entry through skin abrasions Hair follicles = Infection via the pores where hair grows Ducts of glands = Entry through exocrine gland openings Migrating via nerves = Infection transmission through nerve pathways Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of viral skin infections with their classifications:

Local viral infection = Infection primarily affecting the skin Systemic viral infection = Infection affecting the body with skin lesions Epitheliotropic viruses = Viruses targeting epithelial cells Pantropic viruses = Viruses that affect multiple body systems Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diagnostic methods with their purposes:

History and clinical signs = Initial assessment of disease Skin biopsy = Histological evaluation of lesions Serology = Detection of antibodies in the blood Virus isolation = Culturing the virus from samples Signup and view all the answers

Match the following skin conditions with their identifiers:

Papillomas = Irregular, alopecic lesions Epidermal collarettes = Circle of crusted skin often seen with pyoderma Hyperplastic lesions = Excessive growth of skin tissue Crusty lesions = Formation after vesicle and pustule rupture Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Hair Loss Disorders

Alopecia: Complete absence of hair.
Hypotrichosis: Reduced quantity of hair, increasing susceptibility to sunburn, temperature extremes, and infections.

Connective Tissue Disorders

Collagen dysplasia: Characterized by hyper-extensibility and laxity in connective tissues.

Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta (Aplasia Cutis)

Failure of stratified squamous epithelium to fully develop, affecting skin, adnexa, and oral mucosa.

Environmental Induced Skin Diseases

Types of injuries:
- Sun (Actinic) injury
- Chemical injury
- Physical injury

Sunburn and Solar Dermatosis

Sunburn results from endothelial damage and keratinocyte damage, releasing inflammatory mediators.
Acute solar dermatitis presents with redness, pain, edema, and blistering, while chronic cases lead to thickened, inflamed skin, possible dysplasia, or neoplasia, particularly on the ventral abdomen and thorax.

Photosensitization

Activated by UV-A or visible light and involves photodynamic substances in the skin.
Types of photosensitization:
- Type I: Exogenous agents from plants or drugs.
- Type II: Aberrant endogenous substances.
- Type III: Hepatogenous, linked to chlorophyll metabolite buildup.
- Type IV: Unknown cause.
Gross lesions manifest in poorly pigmented skin areas.

Chemical Injury

Local: Chemicals penetrate hair and the stratum corneum, worsened by moisture, leading to skin damage.
Systemic: Ingestion of toxins causing widespread skin and organ effects.

Physical Injury

Includes abrasions, lacerations, ulcerations, foreign bodies, and effects from radiation or temperature extremes.
Feline Psychogenic Dermatitis: Results in lick dermatitis and neurodermatitis from persistent licking, often due to psychological stressors.

Infectious Skin Diseases

Categories include viral, bacterial, mycotic, parasitic, and protozoal skin diseases.

Viral Skin Diseases

Entry points: Trauma to skin, hair follicles, and gland ducts, or via nerves and bloodstream.
Two types:
- Local: Example includes poxviruses affecting various animal species.
- Systemic: Involves overall infections with skin manifestations; examples include viral infections leading to dermatitis.

Local Viral Infections: Poxviruses

Affect domestic animals and birds, with zoonotic potential.
Contagious Pustular Dermatitis: Caused by parapoxvirus in sheep and goats, can have severe impacts on young animals, resulting in systemic issues.
Characterized by lesions on lips and oral regions, progressing from vesicles to scabs.

Systemic Viral Infections

Involve epitheliotropic or pantropic viruses, seen in diseases like canine distemper and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD).
Diagnosis includes clinical signs, skin biopsy, serology, and virus identification methods.

Notable Diseases

Scrapie: Also known as mad sheep disease, a prion disease similar to BSE affecting brain tissue.
Papillomavirus infections noted across various species including canine and cattle.

Superficial Pyoderma

Characterized by erythematous dermatitis with the formation of epidermal collarettes as a notable clinical feature.

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