30 Questions
What percentage of OMs in patas monkeys include raised eyebrows, which are considered a threat signal?
25%
In patas monkeys, what do 50% of OMs represent?
Intention to bite
How are OMs used as signals to initiate contact in patas monkeys?
By raising eyebrows
What is the traditional view derived from Bekoff and Fagen insufficient to account for?
OMs in social play
In children's play fighting, when is the OM signal typically used?
After the attack
What makes it difficult to identify when the OM is used as a play signal?
Its association with threat signals
What do the OM signals emitted by gorillas during play likely promote?
Role reversal
What are Ultrasonic Vocalizations (USV) in rats used for according to the text?
To convey different types of information to partners
In what aspect are chimpanzees' social groups different from gorillas, affecting play behavior?
Cohesion
How do researchers determine the association between vocalizations and behaviors in rats?
By observing significant associations between calls and behaviors
Why do squirrel monkeys emit calls when playing according to the text?
To alert adults about predators
What is the acid test for communication, as mentioned in the text?
Observe if a signal changes the recipient's behavior
What developmental change occurs in the types of 50 kHz calls in rats?
Frequency range
'Devocalized Pairs' mentioned in the text refer to pairs of animals that...
Have lost the ability to emit vocalizations
During which period do rats seem to gain training in how to contextually use and modify calls?
Juvenile
What is one reason for devocalizing one partner during experiments, as discussed in the text?
To observe if calls change behavioral probabilities
What kind of signals do juvenile Hamadryas baboons emit when playing near their mothers?
Maternal reassurance signals
In what context are 50 kHz calls used by rats, based on the information provided?
For calling out to a play partner
What is the function of the grimace in Tonkean macaques?
Affinitive signal
Why is rotation around the long axis necessary in play fighting in Tonkean macaques?
To direct a bite at the partner's shoulder
What does the combination of OM and grimace signal in playful contact?
Friendly approach for playful contact
In the context of play signals, what does rotation around the long axis frequently indicate in rhesus monkeys?
Play solicitation
Why is the grimace element added to the OM even when the recipient does not have line of sight?
To enhance play signals
What distinguishes signals from playful combat actions in social play?
Associated body movements like rotation around the long axis
What is the possible reason for the increased likelihood of aggression when one partner in a pair of rats is devocalized?
The lack of coordination in calls between the partners during play
What behavior do subordinate males within colonies exhibit towards the dominant male during play?
Deferential behavior by playing gently and using supine defense
What does devocalization of one partner in a pair of rats affect during play according to the text?
The ability to coordinate calls with the partner
How do unfamiliar male encounters differ from encounters within colonies in terms of play behavior escalation?
Encounters with unfamiliar males are more likely to escalate to aggression
What is the role of trills in maintaining a playful mood according to the text?
To maintain a playful mood in oneself and partners
How does adult-adult play behavior differ when encountering unfamiliar males compared to interactions within colonies?
Adult-adult play is rougher and more likely to escalate to aggression
Explore the relationship between animal communication, playful behavior, and social cohesion among chimpanzees. Learn about how visual signals are used to influence partners and avoid aggression in social interactions.
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