Animal Cell Structures Quiz

The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids. It also synthesizes carbohydrates.

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, releasing energy for cellular work, like muscle contraction.

Tight junctions prevent fluid leakage between cells by forming a tight seal.

Chloroplasts and mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes, suggesting an endosymbiotic origin.

Ribosomes are for protein synthesis, not cellular respiration. Ribosomes do not perform respiration.

A microscope that uses a beam of electrons to magnify images of extremely small specimens, allowing detailed internal structures to be viewed.

Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus; their DNA is located in the cytoplasm.

As a cell increases in size, its volume increases faster than its surface area, limiting the cell's efficiency.

A membrane-bound organelle involved in synthesis, storage, and detoxification.

Plant cells contain chloroplasts (for photosynthesis) and cell walls (for support), which animal cells lack.

An organelle with ribosomes attached, involved in protein synthesis and modification.

Lysosomes are organelles that digest waste materials and cellular debris.

Tay-Sachs involves malfunctioning lysosomes, resulting in the buildup of undigested lipids in cells.

The nucleolus is a small structure within the nucleus of a cell. It plays a crucial role in making ribosomes.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes within a cell that helps in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosomes attached to its surface. This helps in protein synthesis and transportation.

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. They generate energy in the form of ATP.

Glycoproteins on the cell surface allow cells to identify other cells and maintain tissue structure.

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing water to move out of the cell.

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution, causing water to move into the cell.

A solution with the same concentration of solutes as another solution, resulting in no net movement of water across the cell membrane.

A state where the concentration of solutes is equal on both sides of a semipermeable membrane, resulting in no net movement of water molecules.

A hypotonic solution causes an animal cell to swell and potentially burst (lyse) due to the influx of water.

When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell, causing the cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall, a process called plasmolysis.

The Na+/K+ pump is an example of active transport, which moves ions against their concentration gradient, requiring energy from the cell.

Movement of a substance across a cell membrane that requires energy is called active transport. It moves the substance against its concentration gradient.

Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large particles, like bacteria, by forming a vesicle around them.

Pinocytosis is non-specific, taking in fluids and small solutes, while receptor-mediated endocytosis is selective, bringing in specific molecules that bind to receptors on the cell surface.

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Coenzymes are organic molecules, often derived from vitamins, that assist enzymes in their catalytic activity.

Competitive inhibitors block the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding and slowing down the reaction.