Animal Breeding and Genetics Quiz

<p>Mating individuals from different breeds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantitative traits express traits over a range. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They carry a defined set of traits passed from parents to offspring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chianina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They result from breeding combinations of different breeds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are adapted to tropical and subtropical environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Florida (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invasive species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-domestication occurs at village dumps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pig (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control movement of species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elephant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keeping wild genes away from domestic species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can't jump (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selectively breed younger animals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal and plant sources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy available after accounting for heat loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complete proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Needed in large amounts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell growth and bone formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nerve and muscle function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the use of frozen sperm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryo transfer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases the number of embryos available for transfer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dividing an embryo before its cells differentiate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triploidy allows for greater growth in aquatic species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryo transfer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Her physiology resembled a much older age. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential for reduced genetic diversity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allowing animals to mate without human intervention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows access to superior genetic material. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-nutrient additives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport of sperm and ovum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria breaking down food in the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease in feed efficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alfalfa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eating poop for nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removing wild traits to maintain desired characteristics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food is broken down into smaller components by enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide essential nutrients in feed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex behavior involves multiple stimuli and responses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological changes during pregnancy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes observable changes in behavior based on environmental conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dog barking at a passing car. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex behavior that involves multiple steps and social interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a tendency to spread. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feral cat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-domestication occurs through repeated exposure to human waste. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To select for specific traits such as tameness and size. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>147 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preventing the interbreeding of wild genes with domestic animals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Goats browse a wider variety of plants than sheep. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6-8 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their lack of jumping abilities makes them easier to manage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60 chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prioritize breeding younger animals for productivity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>17 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rambouillet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fall and early winter months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wether (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A defined set of characteristics passed from parents to offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moderate size ranging from 1000-1300 lbs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are mixtures created from existing breeds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, and California (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To fix nitrogen from the air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases digestibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bermuda grass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces moisture content (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are rich in concentrated nutrients per unit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating nutrient absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High fiber content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased energy efficiency in livestock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enables the freezing and expanding of genetic material (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Placing an embryo into the uterus of another animal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Super ovulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cloned animals have shorter lifespans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance specific traits in offspring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition where organisms have three sets of chromosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction of desired genetic traits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural mating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An organism whose chromosomes match but may not function properly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create genetically identical animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Species not native to a location, that tends to spread and cause damage.

Process of taming and breeding wild animals for human use.

Humans purposefully breed and select animals for specific traits making them tame.

Animals adapting to human presence and becoming more tamable on their own.

Preventing wild genes from entering domesticated populations

Animals bred and managed by humans for useful purposes.

Animals that were once domesticated but have returned to a wild state.

The advancement of human societies over time.

Amino acids that the body cannot produce and must be obtained from the diet.

Proteins that contain all 20 amino acids.

Minerals that the body needs in larger amounts.

Minerals that the body needs in small amounts.

Vitamins that are dissolved in fats.

Supports cell growth in the body.

Supports bone formation in the body.

Fat sources can include animal and plant sources.

Traits that appear only when an organism has two copies of the recessive gene.

Having two copies of the dominant gene.

Traits with few genes; discrete categories like yes/no.

Traits affected by many genes, showing a range of expression like weight or height.

Mating of closely related individuals.

Concentrated protein sources from animal products, like meat meal, blood meal, and fish meal.

Concentrated protein sources from plant products, like cottonseed meal, soybean meal, and linseed meal.

Substances added to animal feed to supplement nutritional needs, like vitamins and minerals.

The practice of eating feces for dietary nutrients—common in some animals like rabbits and rodents.

The breakdown of food (especially plant fiber) by microorganisms in the digestive system, producing energy and nutrients.

The process of breaking down food into smaller components through chemical reactions.

The system of glands that produce hormones to regulate various bodily functions.

The process by which the body takes in nutrients from food through walls of the digestive tract.

The process of breaking down food by bacteria in the animal's body, yielding nutrients.

There are over 250 recognized beef cattle breeds, with over 300 additional varieties and types. These breeds are separated into four main categories: European, Continental, Zebu, and Synthetic.

These breeds are known for their moderate size, ranging from 1000 to 1300 pounds. Examples include Hereford, Angus, and Shorthorn.

These breeds are larger than European breeds and are used for meat, milk, and draft purposes. Examples include Charlois, Chianina, and Simmental.

These breeds are adapted to tropical and subtropical environments, featuring heat tolerance and cooling systems. Examples include Brahman.

These breeds are created by crossing different types of cattle, resulting in new breeds with desired traits. Examples include Brangus, Simbrah, Santa Gertrudis, and Beefalo.

Injecting semen from a male into a female's reproductive tract to achieve fertilization without natural mating.

Moving an embryo from one female's uterus to another's, allowing the recipient to carry and give birth.

Dividing a single embryo into multiple identical embryos, creating genetically identical offspring.

A genetic condition with three sets of chromosomes instead of two, often leading to increased growth but sterility.

Creating a genetically identical copy of an existing animal from a single cell.

Choosing the parents of the next generation based on desired traits to improve the herd.

Animals breeding naturally without human intervention, allowing for naturally selected traits.

Different methods used to breed animals, including natural mating, artificial insemination, and embryo transfer.

Animals with cells containing different sets of DNA, often created by mixing embryos.

Altering an animal's genes to enhance desired traits or cure diseases.

The seven most impactful domesticated animals on the development of human civilization: dog, sheep, goat, cattle, pig, horse, and cat.

Humans control the breeding of domesticated animals by altering their movement, sex ratio, and age structure.

Legumes are plants that have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots. These bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms that the plant can absorb, enriching the soil.

Proteinaceous refers to something that is rich in protein. It's an adjective used to describe substances that contain a high amount of protein.

Processing seeds can break down the seed coat, making the nutrients more accessible for digestion. This leads to an increase in digestibility for the animal.

Processing often increases the nutrient content (like protein, TDN, or energy) per unit of feed due to the removal of water and indigestible fiber.

Processing can also alter the protein quality of feed by making it more digestible or affecting the balance of amino acids.

Carbonaceous feeds are typically high in carbohydrates and low in protein. Some examples include Bermuda grass, Timothy grass, and orchard grass.

TDN stands for Total Digestible Nutrients. It's a measure of the energy content of a feed, taking into account the digestible portion of carbohydrates, protein, and fat.

Processing can have several effects on feed, including increased digestibility, altered nutrient content, and potential changes to protein quality.

Any observable and measurable action or process in an animal, triggered by internal or external stimuli.

Environmental factors that influence animal behavior, like changes in temperature, light, or sound.

Factors within an animal that influence behavior, like hormones, hunger, or pregnancy.

A direct response to a stimulus, involving a nerve signal and muscle contraction.

A more elaborate response to a stimulus, involving learned patterns or social interactions.

The four main beef cattle breed categories are European, Continental, Zebu, and Synthetic. Each category has unique traits and origins.

European breeds are moderate in size, typically weighing 1000-1300 lbs. Examples include Hereford, Angus, and Shorthorn. They are known for good maternal abilities and carcass quality.

Continental breeds are larger than European breeds. They are used for meat, milk, and draft purposes. Examples include Charlois, Chianina, and Simmental.

Zebu breeds are adapted to hot climates. They are known for their heat tolerance and cooling systems. They originated in tropical/subtropical environments. Examples include Brahman.

Synthetic breeds are created by crossing different cattle breeds. They combine desirable traits from each parent breed. This creates a new breed with unique characteristics. Examples include Brangus, Simbrah, Santa Gertrudis, and Beefalo.

The sheep's estrous cycle lasts for 17 days. The actual estrous period, when the female is receptive to mating, lasts for approximately 30 hours.

The gestation period for a sheep is 147 days, meaning it takes about 5 months for a lamb to develop inside the ewe.

Sheep reach puberty between 6 to 8 months of age, meaning they become capable of breeding.

Lambs are typically weaned, or separated from their mothers, around 200 days of age.

Market lambs are typically ready for slaughter around 260 days of age.

Fine wool, characterized by a smaller diameter of wool fiber (e.g. 47-40 microns), is considered a high-quality type of wool.

Farm flock sheep breeds are primarily raised for meat production and are common in the Midwest and Northeast regions.

Hair breeds of sheep, like the Katahdin and Barbado, are known for their lack of wool and meat production.