Animal Biology Quiz

False (B)

Connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscle, epithelial tissue

<p>Specialized transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loose connective tissue = Extracellular matrix Dense connective tissue = Tendons Hard, supporting connective tissue = Bone Fluid connective tissue = Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhance surface area for exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Links cells with their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanical strength, diffusion, or heat exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>thermoregulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tuna = Streamlined body for efficient swimming Penguin = Insulating layers for aquatic life in cold environments Finch = Beak shape adapted for specific food sources Jackrabbit = Long ears for heat dissipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exchange materials more efficiently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The limitations imposed by increasing complexity on body form and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nervous tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines how hormones interact with target cells and their mode of action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein hormones = Stored and released from endocrine cells Steroid hormones = Lipid-soluble and pass through the plasma membrane Monoamines = Derived from a single amino acid Thyroid hormones = Involve two amino acids in structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative feedback (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Milliseconds to seconds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forming the myelin sheath (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saltatory conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oligodendrocytes = Form myelin sheath in CNS Ligand-gated ion channels = Respond to neurotransmitters Voltage-gated ion channels = Open in response to membrane depolarization Sensory neurons = Transmit signals from receptors to the CNS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium (Ca) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change in membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GnRH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a precursor to yolk in eggs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol = Long-term stress response Epinephrine = Short-term stress response Estrogen = Reproductive functions JH = Insect development control</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It regulates reproductive hormone release and reproductive functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Action potentials only spread in one direction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Heritable traits that improve survival and reproduction in specific environments.

Animals in similar environments developing similar traits, even if not closely related.

The crucial relationship affecting how large animals function, influencing exchange rates.

Maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes.

A process that works like a thermostat: when the body hits a desired state, it slows down or stops the process.

Maintaining body temperature through internal mechanisms.

The study of the physical form and structure of animals.

The study of how animal bodies function.

The size of an animal significantly impacts how it functions, influencing resource acquisition and waste/heat production rates.

The outside area of an object. It controls how quickly resources move into or out of an organism (diffusion and transport).

The amount of space an object takes up (or its mass). Influences how quickly resources are used and how much waste is produced.

Larger, complex animals need specialized ways to exchange materials with the environment.

Branched or folded structures that increase the surface area for important functions.

Systems that carry materials throughout a complex body efficiently.

Animals have 4 main tissue types: Connective (various forms), Muscle, Nervous, and Epithelial.

The most diverse type of animal tissue, supporting other tissues and providing structure (loose or hard).

A brief period after an action potential where a neuron cannot fire another action potential, ensuring signal transmission in one direction.

The speed at which an action potential travels along an axon is directly proportional to the axon's diameter.

The myelin sheath, formed by Schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS, acts as insulation, allowing action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier, speeding up conduction.

A junction between two neurons where communication occurs via neurotransmitters.

When an action potential reaches the synapse, calcium ions enter the presynaptic neuron, triggering the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft.

The change in membrane potential of the post-synaptic neuron caused by neurotransmitter binding to receptors.

An automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus, mediated by simple neural circuits in the spinal cord.

Neurons that carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands, initiating a response.

Hormones are classified into protein hormones, monoamines (primarily single amino acid based), steroid hormones, and thyroid hormones (formed by two amino acids).

Lipid solubility determines how hormones pass through the cell membrane to interact with receptors. It significantly affects hormone synthesis, storage, transport, and cellular actions.

Feedback that increases the original stimulus. It is less common than negative feedback.

Process where a signal (like a hormone) is converted into a cellular response. A hormone, once it finds its receptor, triggers a chain of internal responses that change something about the cell.

A system of glands and tissues that communicate chemically to maintain homeostasis and regulate body functions, with hormones acting as messengers.

A critical endocrine network where the hypothalamus communicates with the pituitary gland to control many other endocrine glands, regulating various bodily functions.

A cell that has specific receptors that respond to certain hormones.

Hormones stimulate target cells through a cascade of intracellular reactions that result in a specific alteration of the cell’s activities or behaviors

Systems where the nervous system interacts with and regulates the endocrine system, often releasing hormones in response to stimuli.

A complex system of glands in the brain and body that controls sexual development and reproduction in animals.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, produced in the hypothalamus, that triggers the release of other hormones from the pituitary gland.

The reproductive organs (testes in males, ovaries in females) that produce sex hormones and gametes (eggs and sperm).

The pituitary gland, stimulated by GnRH, releases hormones like FSH and LH which then act on the gonads to stimulate sex hormone production and gamete development.

The main sex hormones involved in the HPG axis are estrogen and testosterone, produced by the gonads.

A system of glands in the brain and body that helps the body respond to stress, involving the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands.

The body's immediate physiological response to stress, involving the release of adrenaline and other hormones, preparing the body for action.

A hormone produced by the adrenal glands during stress, leading to long-term responses like increased blood sugar and suppression of the immune system.

The HPA axis involves the release of cortisol, adrenaline and norepinephrine, each playing a role in the stress response.

A system involving both the nervous and endocrine systems, with hormones released by neurons, influencing other organs through the bloodstream.