Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about animal tissue types is true?
Which of the following statements about animal tissue types is true?
- Certain fungi can form complex different tissues just like animals.
- All animals have complex tissues similar to those in fungi.
- Unlike plants, all animals have differentiated tissues.
- Animal tissues vary in complexity and function across species. (correct)
What distinguishes animals from multicellular fungi in terms of tissue structure?
What distinguishes animals from multicellular fungi in terms of tissue structure?
- Fungi possess more types of tissues than animals.
- Both animals and fungi have identical tissue structures.
- Animals have complex various tissues, while fungi do not. (correct)
- Animals are autotrophic, while fungi are heterotrophic.
Which characteristic is common among all animals in relation to how they obtain energy?
Which characteristic is common among all animals in relation to how they obtain energy?
- They can photosynthesize like plants.
- They do not require food for energy.
- They are heterotrophic and ingest other organisms. (correct)
- They are all autotrophic organisms.
In classifying animals based on complexity, which of the following statements is correct?
In classifying animals based on complexity, which of the following statements is correct?
How does the evolutionary relationship between animals and fungi influence their classification?
How does the evolutionary relationship between animals and fungi influence their classification?
What is the significance of identifying new animal species in the context of tissue complexity?
What is the significance of identifying new animal species in the context of tissue complexity?
Which of these nutrients do animals primarily rely on from their diet?
Which of these nutrients do animals primarily rely on from their diet?
Which of the following accurately describes a key difference between animals and plants regarding nutrient acquisition?
Which of the following accurately describes a key difference between animals and plants regarding nutrient acquisition?
What does the endoderm primarily give rise to?
What does the endoderm primarily give rise to?
Which germ layer is responsible for developing into muscle tissue?
Which germ layer is responsible for developing into muscle tissue?
Which of the following best describes the characteristics of Eumetazoa?
Which of the following best describes the characteristics of Eumetazoa?
Which statement is true regarding the ectoderm?
Which statement is true regarding the ectoderm?
What role do HOX genes play in animal development?
What role do HOX genes play in animal development?
Parazoa are classified as organisms that:
Parazoa are classified as organisms that:
What type of symmetry do cnidarians and ctenophores exhibit?
What type of symmetry do cnidarians and ctenophores exhibit?
What type of tissues does the mesoderm NOT contribute to?
What type of tissues does the mesoderm NOT contribute to?
What is the primary function of epithelial tissues in animals?
What is the primary function of epithelial tissues in animals?
Which type of animal tissue is responsible for movement?
Which type of animal tissue is responsible for movement?
What distinguishes connective tissues from other tissue types?
What distinguishes connective tissues from other tissue types?
What is the main role of nervous tissue in animals?
What is the main role of nervous tissue in animals?
Which statement about muscle tissue is incorrect?
Which statement about muscle tissue is incorrect?
Which of the following is true about epithelial tissues?
Which of the following is true about epithelial tissues?
How do animal tissues differ from plant and fungal tissues?
How do animal tissues differ from plant and fungal tissues?
What function do gap junctions serve in animal tissues?
What function do gap junctions serve in animal tissues?
Which of the following is NOT a major category of animal tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a major category of animal tissue?
Which characteristic is shared by all types of connective tissues?
Which characteristic is shared by all types of connective tissues?
Flashcards
Animal Motility
Animal Motility
Animals typically move to find food
Diplontic Life Cycle
Diplontic Life Cycle
Animal life with a dominant diploid stage and a gametic haploid stage.
Animal Development
Animal Development
Series of stages that form an animal's body plan
Animal Cell Walls
Animal Cell Walls
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Animal Heterotrophs
Animal Heterotrophs
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Animal Tissues
Animal Tissues
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Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissue
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Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
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Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue
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Nervous Tissue
Nervous Tissue
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Parazoa
Parazoa
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Eumetazoa
Eumetazoa
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Germ Layers
Germ Layers
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HOX Genes
HOX Genes
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Animal Symmetry
Animal Symmetry
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Asymmetrical Symmetry
Asymmetrical Symmetry
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Radial Symmetry
Radial Symmetry
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Bilateral Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
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Animal Evolution
Animal Evolution
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Heterotroph Types
Heterotroph Types
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Study Notes
Animal Diversity
- Most animals are motile to collect food
- Animal life cycle is diplontic: the diploid multicellular stage is dominant while the haploid stage is gametic
- Animal development includes a series of stages that determine a fixed body plan
- Animals are eukaryotes, multicellular, heterotrophs and actively move
Animal Tissues
- Animals are very diverse due to specialized tissues
- Animal cells lack cell walls but may have an extracellular matrix
- Animal cells communicate via gap junctions
- Four major tissue categories: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
Epithelial Tissues
- Covers, lines, protects and secretes
- Examples include: epidermis, lining of digestive tract, trachea, gland cells
Connective Tissues
- Cells embedded in an extracellular matrix
- Examples include: bone and cartilage
Muscle Tissues
- Responsible for movement
Nervous Tissues
- Responsible for sensing and coordinating movement
Animal Classification: Five Monophyletic Animal Clades
- Parazoa: simplest animals with no true tissues, Phylum Placozoa and Porifera
- Eumetazoa: all other animals with at least two of the four tissue categories and symmetry
Animal Reproduction and Development
- Three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm
- Each germ layer develops into different tissues:
- Endoderm: Epithelial tissues such as the inner lining of the digestive and respiratory tract
- Mesoderm: Epithelial, connective and muscle tissues
- Ectoderm: Epithelial and neural tissues
- Homeotic (HOX) genes are master regulatory genes that control development, segmentation, number and placement of appendages
- HOX genes are homologous across the animal kingdom
Features Used to Classify Animals
- True tissues, symmetry, number of tissue layers, body plan and cavities, origin of mouth and anus
Symmetry
- Asymmetrical: No symmetry (Porifera- sponges)
- Radial: Arrangement around a central axis, encounters environment from any direction (Cnidarians and ctenophores)
- Bilateral: Divides the body along sagittal plane into right and left halves, allows for cephalization (all other animals)
Animal Evolution
- Animal evolution began in the ocean over 600 million years ago
- Over 1 million living species identified, with estimates of 3-30 million extinct species
- Animals vary in complexity
- Classification systems use anatomy, evolutionary history, embryological development, and genetics
- New species are still being identified
Heterotrophs
- Animals require food and are heterotrophs
- Ingest living or dead organisms
- Types: carnivores, herbivores, omnivores or parasites
- Fungi are also heterotrophs but are decomposers, while plants are autotrophs
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