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Questions and Answers
A cell is observed to have a nucleus and several membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following is the most likely classification for this cell?
A cell is observed to have a nucleus and several membrane-bound organelles. Which of the following is the most likely classification for this cell?
- Viral
- Prokaryotic
- Bacterial
- Eukaryotic (correct)
Which of the following organelles is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins within a eukaryotic cell?
Which of the following organelles is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins within a eukaryotic cell?
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus (correct)
- Lysosome
A biologist is studying a cell that lacks a cell wall and chloroplasts but contains a nucleus. To which kingdom does this cell most likely belong?
A biologist is studying a cell that lacks a cell wall and chloroplasts but contains a nucleus. To which kingdom does this cell most likely belong?
- Fungi
- Protista
- Animalia (correct)
- Plantae
Which of the following transport mechanisms requires the cell to expend energy?
Which of the following transport mechanisms requires the cell to expend energy?
What is the significance of the binomial nomenclature system developed by Carl Linnaeus?
What is the significance of the binomial nomenclature system developed by Carl Linnaeus?
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?
During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?
A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which of the following is most likely to occur?
Which domain includes organisms known for their ability to survive in extreme environments such as high temperatures or salinity?
Which domain includes organisms known for their ability to survive in extreme environments such as high temperatures or salinity?
Viruses are considered obligate intracellular parasites because:
Viruses are considered obligate intracellular parasites because:
Which process is most directly involved in asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells?
Which process is most directly involved in asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells?
Flashcards
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Simple cells lacking a nucleus or other complex organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Complex cells that possess a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
The outer boundary of the cell, controlling which substances can enter or exit.
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Ribosomes
Ribosomes
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Binary Fission
Binary Fission
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Passive Transport
Passive Transport
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Active Transport
Active Transport
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Study Notes
- Cells can be categorized into two main types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
- These are simpler than eukaryotic cells
- They do not have a nucleus
- Bacteria are examples of prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic Cells
- These are more complex than prokaryotic cells
- They possess a nucleus
- Examples include animal and plant cells
Animal Cell Structures
- Cell Membrane: This regulates which substances can enter and exit the cell
- Cytoplasm: A gel-like fluid that houses organelles
- Nucleus: Contains DNA and controls the cell's activities
- Mitochondria: Produces energy for the cell
- Ribosomes: Responsible for protein synthesis
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: Transports substances within the cell
- Golgi Apparatus: Modifies and packages proteins
- Lysosomes: Digestion of waste within the cell
Plant Cell Structures
- Plant cells contain all of the same structures as animal cells
- Cell Wall: Provides rigidity and protection to the cell
- Chloroplasts: The site of photosynthesis
- Vacuole: Maintains cell pressure and stores nutrients
Cell Division
- Binary Fission: Asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where the cell divides into two identical cells
- Mitosis: Eukaryotic cell division where a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells
Mitosis Stages
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
Transport Mechanisms
- Passive Transport: Movement of substances across cell membranes without energy
- Diffusion and osmosis are types of passive transport
- Active Transport: Movement of substances against a concentration gradient, requiring energy
- Endocytosis: Intake of materials into the cell, requires energy
- Exocytosis: Expulsion of materials out of the cell, requires energy
Biological Classification Hierarchy
- Domain: The highest rank; Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya are the three domains
- Kingdom: Subdivisions within domains
- Examples: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista
- Phylum: Groups organisms based on major body plans
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species: Further subdivisions leading to specific organisms
Binomial Nomenclature
- Two-part scientific naming system (Genus species)
- System was developed by Carl Linnaeus
- Example: Homo sapiens
Viruses
- Structure: Genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat
- Viruses lack true cellular structure
- Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites
- Viruses must infect host cells to reproduce
- Viruses can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants
- Viruses are also used in gene therapy and vaccines
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