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Questions and Answers
What is the angular displacement formula expressed mathematically?
What is the angular displacement formula expressed mathematically?
- $\omega = \frac{\theta}{t}$ (correct)
- $\theta = \frac{d}{r}$ (correct)
- $v_T = \omega \times r$
- $d = \theta \times r$
In angular kinematics, counter-clockwise motion is considered negative.
In angular kinematics, counter-clockwise motion is considered negative.
False (B)
What does the right-hand-thumb rule help determine in angular kinematics?
What does the right-hand-thumb rule help determine in angular kinematics?
The direction of angular displacement or angular velocity.
Angular velocity is calculated using the formula ____ = angular displacement/change in time.
Angular velocity is calculated using the formula ____ = angular displacement/change in time.
Match the following terms in angular kinematics with their definitions:
Match the following terms in angular kinematics with their definitions:
Which of the following statements about velocity is true?
Which of the following statements about velocity is true?
The unit of force is measured in Pascals.
The unit of force is measured in Pascals.
What formula is used to calculate angular acceleration?
What formula is used to calculate angular acceleration?
Momentum is the product of mass and ______.
Momentum is the product of mass and ______.
Match the types of friction with their descriptions:
Match the types of friction with their descriptions:
Which statement about collisions is correct?
Which statement about collisions is correct?
The pressure formula is given by P = Area/Force.
The pressure formula is given by P = Area/Force.
What is the formula for impulse?
What is the formula for impulse?
What is torque defined as?
What is torque defined as?
The moment of inertia (I) is calculated only by mass and does not take into account the distribution of that mass.
The moment of inertia (I) is calculated only by mass and does not take into account the distribution of that mass.
What defines a 3rd class lever?
What defines a 3rd class lever?
The conservation of angular momentum implies that the total angular momentum of a given system remains constant in the absence of __________.
The conservation of angular momentum implies that the total angular momentum of a given system remains constant in the absence of __________.
Which factor most significantly affects angular momentum?
Which factor most significantly affects angular momentum?
Match the levers with their characteristics:
Match the levers with their characteristics:
Mechanical advantage increases as the resistance arm (RA) increases relative to the force arm (FA).
Mechanical advantage increases as the resistance arm (RA) increases relative to the force arm (FA).
What equation represents the mechanical advantage (MA) of a lever?
What equation represents the mechanical advantage (MA) of a lever?
The quantity of angular inertia is quantified as __________.
The quantity of angular inertia is quantified as __________.
In angular kinetics, which of the following is true about the force arm (FA)?
In angular kinetics, which of the following is true about the force arm (FA)?
Which principle states that any body in a fluid will experience a buoyant force equal to the weight of the volume of the fluid it displaces?
Which principle states that any body in a fluid will experience a buoyant force equal to the weight of the volume of the fluid it displaces?
Turbulent flow describes fluid layers that move smoothly and predictably.
Turbulent flow describes fluid layers that move smoothly and predictably.
What does viscosity refer to in the context of fluid dynamics?
What does viscosity refer to in the context of fluid dynamics?
The principle that describes how drag increases with the square of the relative velocity of motion is known as the _______ square law.
The principle that describes how drag increases with the square of the relative velocity of motion is known as the _______ square law.
Match the types of drag with their descriptions:
Match the types of drag with their descriptions:
Which factor does NOT directly affect surface drag?
Which factor does NOT directly affect surface drag?
The center of buoyancy is the point at which buoyant forces act, and it coincides with the center of gravity.
The center of buoyancy is the point at which buoyant forces act, and it coincides with the center of gravity.
What is the relationship between the duration of force and the velocity of an object?
What is the relationship between the duration of force and the velocity of an object?
The coordination of body segments moving together simultaneously usually aims for ______ or force.
The coordination of body segments moving together simultaneously usually aims for ______ or force.
What factor influences the buoyancy of an object in a fluid?
What factor influences the buoyancy of an object in a fluid?
Flashcards
Angular displacement
Angular displacement
The angle through which a point on a rotating body moves. Measured in radians (rad), degrees (°), or revolutions (rev).
Angular velocity (ω)
Angular velocity (ω)
The rate of change of angular displacement. Calculated as angular displacement over time.
Tangential velocity (vT)
Tangential velocity (vT)
The linear velocity of a point on a rotating body. Calculated as angular velocity times the distance from the rotation axis.
Radians
Radians
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Angular vs. Linear Displacement
Angular vs. Linear Displacement
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Centripetal Acceleration
Centripetal Acceleration
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Newton's Laws of Motion
Newton's Laws of Motion
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Momentum
Momentum
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Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of Momentum
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Impulse
Impulse
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Coefficient of Restitution (e)
Coefficient of Restitution (e)
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Friction
Friction
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Kinetic Link
Kinetic Link
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Simultaneous Kinetic Link
Simultaneous Kinetic Link
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Sequential Kinetic Link
Sequential Kinetic Link
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Laminar Flow
Laminar Flow
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Turbulent Flow
Turbulent Flow
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Viscosity
Viscosity
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Buoyancy
Buoyancy
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Archimedes' Principle
Archimedes' Principle
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Form Drag
Form Drag
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Surface Drag
Surface Drag
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Torque
Torque
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Lever
Lever
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Mechanical Advantage (MA)
Mechanical Advantage (MA)
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Angular Inertia (Ia)
Angular Inertia (Ia)
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Radius of Gyration (k)
Radius of Gyration (k)
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Moment of Inertia (I)
Moment of Inertia (I)
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Angular Momentum (H)
Angular Momentum (H)
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Conservation of Angular Momentum
Conservation of Angular Momentum
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Skill Phasing
Skill Phasing
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MPA
MPA
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Study Notes
Exam 2 Review
- This material is a summary of the lecture content for the second exam.
- Students need to consult their notes, PowerPoint slides, and textbook readings for better understanding.
- Formula sheet will be provided.
Lecture: Angular Kinematics
- Relative vs. Absolute Angle: Angular distance (φ) vs. Angular Displacement (θ). Similar to linear, counter-clockwise is positive, clockwise is negative.
- Measurements: Degrees, revolutions, and radians. Number of radians = arc length/radius.
- Angular Distance vs. Displacement: Greater distance from rotation axis = greater linear displacement.
- Angular Velocity (ω): Angular displacement/change in time (ω = θ/t).
- Tangential Velocity (v₁): v₁ = ω x r (tangent to arc at a point) perpendicular to the radius at the arc. Longer radius = greater tangential velocity (v₁), for the same angular velocity (ω).
- Angular Acceleration (α): α = (ωf - ωi)/t
- Centripetal and Centrifugal Acceleration: Centripetal (ac) = v²/r, Centrifugal (af) = mv²/r
- Important Concept (Kinetics/Forces): A force is measured in Newtons (N) and is equal to kg⋅m/s².
Lecture: Linear Kinetics (Forces)
- Unit of Force: Newton (N) = kg⋅m/s²
- Newton's Laws:
- Inertia
- Acceleration
- Action/reaction
- Friction:
- Static friction: μs ≤ fs/Fn
- Kinetic friction: μk ≤ fk/Fn
- Rolling friction
- Momentum: Mass × velocity. A vector quantity (direction and magnitude).
Lecture: Angular Kinetics
- Torque: Torque (τ) = F x d (perpendicular distance of force from axis of rotation).
- Levers:
- Axis (fulcrum)
- Force (motive force)
- Resistance (resistance force)
- 1st, 2nd, & 3rd class levers
- Mechanical Advantage (MA) = FA/RA
Important Considerations in Collisions
- Conservation of Momentum: Momentum before collision = momentum after collision (no external forces). m₁v₁ (before) + m₂v₂ (before) = m₁v₁ (after) + m₂v₂ (after)
- Impulse: Impulse = Ft = m₂v₂ - m₁v₁.
- Collisions: Elastic vs. Inelastic.
- Elasticity: Measured by Coefficient of Restitution (e). Determined by object composition and surface of the colliding object, and temperature.
- Calculation: e = separation speed/approach speed or √(hb/ha) (sqr rt of bounce height/drop height).
Lecture: Angular Momentum & Kinetic Links / MPA
- Angular Momentum: Moment of Inertia (I) x Angular Velocity (ω) = H = lω or mk2ω
- Affected by mass and distribution of mass (k) (radius of gyration)
- Conservation of Angular Momentum: Total angular momentum remains constant.
- No external torques.
- Changes in angular velocity requires changes of mass distribution (ex. tucking).
- MPA (Mechanical Performance Analysis): 3 main steps (Skill phasing, principles/performance factors application, coaching/feedback).
- Kinetic Links: Coordination of linked body segments for force/velocity (body segments move together).
Lecture: Fluid Dynamics
- Characteristics of Fluid:
- Laminar flow (layers)
- Turbulent flow (disturbed layers).
- Ease of flow = viscosity (resistance).
- Buoyancy: Tendency of object to float. Archimedes' principle: buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid.
- Drag: Opposing force to object through fluid.
- Form drag (profile).
- Surface drag (skin friction).
- Lift: Acts at right angles to relative flow. Pressure differences (high to low).
- Magnus Effect: Spin on a ball causes it to curve.
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