Questions and Answers
What triggers the activation of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)?
What hormone is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus when activated?
What is the function of angiotensin-2 once it enters the blood?
Where is angiotensin-1 converted to angiotensin-2?
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What role does angiotensin-2 play in the kidneys?
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What gland does angiotensin-2 stimulate to release a hormone involved in water reabsorption?
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What effect does the anti-diuretic hormone have in the nephron?
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What happens to blood pressure as a result of the activity of angiotensin-2?
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What is the role of the juxta glomerular apparatus (JGA) in the nephron?
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What hormone is produced by the JGA when blood volume decreases?
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How is Angiotensin-1 converted into Angiotensin-2?
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What effect does Angiotensin-2 have on blood vessels?
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What is the primary action of Angiotensin-2 on the nephron?
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Which gland does Angiotensin-2 stimulate to release antidiuretic hormone?
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What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone in the nephron?
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What initiates the production of renin in the JGA?
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Study Notes
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism
- Vital in regulating extracellular fluid volume, blood volume, and sodium/potassium balance.
- Comprised of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) located in the renal corpuscle of the nephron.
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)
- Includes macula densa cells, juxtaglomerular cells, and extraglomerular mesangial cells.
- Detects changes in blood volume, extracellular fluid volume, sodium, and potassium concentration.
Activation of JGA
- Decrease in blood or extracellular fluid volume activates JGA to produce renin.
- Renin catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen (from the liver) to angiotensin-1 in the blood.
Formation of Angiotensin-2
- Angiotensin-1 is transformed into Angiotensin-2 by angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) in the lungs.
- Angiotensin-2 is a potent vasoconstrictor, increasing blood pressure by constricting peripheral blood vessels.
Action of Angiotensin-2
- Promotes rapid reabsorption of water in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) via aquaporins, enhancing blood and extracellular fluid volume.
- Travels to the brain to stimulate the posterior pituitary gland for the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
Role of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- ADH targets the loop of Henle to facilitate selective reabsorption of water into the peritubular capillaries.
- Contributes to maintaining blood volume.
Further Effects of Angiotensin-2
- Acts on the adrenal cortex, leading to aldosterone secretion.
- Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, further regulating blood pressure and fluid balance.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism and its role in regulating extracellular fluid volume, blood volume, and electrolyte balance. This quiz covers the juxtaglomerular apparatus and its components, including the macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells.
