Angiotensin 2 Function and Targets
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate number of amino acids in the hormone angiotensin 2?

  • 10
  • 12
  • 8 (correct)
  • 5

    • What is the effect of angiotensin 2 on smooth muscle in blood vessels?

  • No effect
  • Constriction (correct)
  • Growth
  • Relaxation

    • What happens to blood pressure when vasoconstriction occurs?

  • It fluctuates
  • It increases (correct)
  • It remains the same
  • It decreases

    • What is the formula that relates blood pressure to flow and resistance?

    <p>ΔP = Q × R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the constriction of blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased resistance on blood pressure?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two components of flow (Q) in the formula ΔP = Q × R?

    <p>Stroke volume and heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the prefix 'angio' in the word 'angiotensin'?

    <p>Blood vessel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of angiotensin 2 on blood vessels?

    <p>Constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rapid response of blood vessels to angiotensin 2?

    <p>Constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sodium reabsorption on urine?

    <p>Concentrated urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ADH on blood vessels?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of aldosterone?

    <p>Salt reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased stroke volume on arterial pressure?

    <p>Increased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target organ affected by angiotensin 2 that responds slowly?

    <p>Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of water reabsorption on blood pressure?

    <p>Increased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pituitary gland in response to angiotensin 2?

    <p>Releasing ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased resistance and increased stroke volume on blood pressure?

    <p>Increased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reabsorbing water in the nephron?

    <p>To increase blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the sodium reabsorption strategy work?

    <p>Because the nephron is permeable to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you try to reabsorb salt in an area of the nephron that is not permeable to water?

    <p>Water bounces off the barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strategy used by ADH to reabsorb water in areas of the nephron that are not permeable to water?

    <p>Creating little channels for water to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do aldosterone and angiotensin 2 work in areas of the nephron that are permeable to water?

    <p>Because they use the salt gradient approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to increasing stroke volume in both situations?

    <p>Getting water back into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between how ADH and aldosterone/angiotensin 2 work?

    <p>ADH works in areas impermeable to water, while aldosterone/angiotensin 2 work in areas permeable to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the water channel approach not work in areas of the nephron that are permeable to water?

    <p>Because water would already be able to follow salt through osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Angiotensin 2 Hormone

    • Angiotensin 2 is a small hormone consisting of 8 amino acids
    • It targets various organs and causes vasoconstriction in blood vessels
    • Vasoconstriction increases resistance, leading to increased blood pressure

    Blood Vessel Target

    • Angiotensin 2 constricts smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, causing vasoconstriction
    • This increases resistance, which in turn increases blood pressure (delta P = Q x R)
    • The formula delta P = Q x R is useful in understanding how angiotensin 2 affects blood pressure
    • Increased resistance leads to increased arterial pressure, with little change in venous pressure

    Kidney Target

    • Angiotensin 2 causes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to water reabsorption
    • This increases stroke volume, which in turn increases arterial blood pressure
    • The response in the kidneys is slower compared to the rapid response in blood vessels

    Pituitary Gland Target

    • Angiotensin 2 stimulates the pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
    • ADH causes vasoconstriction and water reabsorption, leading to increased stroke volume and blood pressure
    • Water reabsorption differs from sodium reabsorption in its mechanism and effect on blood pressure

    Adrenal Gland Target

    • Angiotensin 2 stimulates the adrenal gland to release aldosterone
    • Aldosterone causes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to water reabsorption and increased stroke volume
    • Sodium reabsorption also leads to increased blood pressure

    Salt vs. Water Reabsorption

    • Both salt and water reabsorption increase stroke volume and blood pressure
    • Salt reabsorption works through osmosis, pulling water back into the bloodstream
    • Water reabsorption uses specialized channels to allow water to pass through
    • ADH uses water channels, while aldosterone and angiotensin 2 use salt reabsorption
    • The strategy used depends on the permeability of the nephron to water

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    Description

    Learn about the targets of angiotensin 2, a small hormone composed of 8 amino acids, and its role in the body.

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