60 Questions
Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic innervation in the coronary vessels?
Noradrenaline
Which receptor activation in the large coronary vessels results in vasoconstriction?
Alpha1-adrenoceptors
Which receptor activation in the smaller coronary vessels induces vasodilation?
Beta2-adrenoceptors
Which neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic nerves in the heart?
Acetylcholine
Which receptor activation slows heart rate and automaticity?
Muscarinic M2 receptors
Which type of angina is brought on by exertion or excitement?
Classic/ Stable/ Exertional Angina
Which of the following is a common side effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
Insomnia
Which of the following is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis?
HMG-CoA reductase
Which type of dyslipidaemia is characterized by high levels of cholesterol and LDL in the blood?
Type IIa
Which of the following is contraindicated in people with cardiogenic shock, left ventricular failure, and hypotension?
Potassium channel activators
Which lipoprotein absorbs cholesterol from broken down cells and transfers them to LDLs or VLDLs?
High density lipoproteins (HDL)
Which lipid-lowering drug class is commonly used as an adjunct to low-fat diets to decrease plasma LDL cholesterol?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Which type of angina is characterized by vasospasm of coronary vessels and possible atherosclerosis?
Prinzmetal's angina
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of nitrate relief of symptoms of angina?
Relief of coronary spasm in variant angina
Which of the following is a possible adverse effect of nitrates?
All of the above
Which class of drugs exerts a negative chronotropic effect and slows the heart rate, thereby decreasing oxygen consumption?
Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists
Which of the following is NOT an adverse effect of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists?
Reflex tachycardia
Which class of drugs is useful in unstable angina and angina at rest, and acts as calcium entry blockers?
Calcium antagonists
Which of the following is true about the drugs used to treat Angina?
They have no effect on blood pressure
Which of the following is true about the drugs used to treat dyslipidaemia?
They have no effect on blood pressure
Which of the following is true about the drugs used to treat hypertension?
They decrease blood pressure
Which of the following is true about diuretics?
They decrease blood pressure
Which of the following is true about the drugs used to treat Heart Failure?
They decrease blood pressure
Which of the following is true about the drugs used to treat excess blood clotting and platelet activity?
They have no effect on blood pressure
Which one of the following drugs is known to increase the metabolism of endogenous cholesterol into bile acids in the liver?
Bile acid resins
Which one of the following drugs is indicated for hypercholesterolemia when treatment with Statin alone is inadequate or not tolerated?
Ezetimibe
Which one of the following drugs binds to protoprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) to inhibit its activity?
PCSK9 Inhibitors
Which one of the following drugs stimulates lipoprotein lipase, increasing the hydrolysis of triglyceride in chylomicron and VLDL particles?
Fibrates
Which one of the following drugs decreases hepatic lipoprotein synthesis and inhibits hepatic triglyceride production and VLDL secretion?
Nicotinic acid
Which one of the following dietary components has been demonstrated to reduce the absorption of cholesterol?
Dietary plant sterol
Unstable Angina is characterized by pain at rest.
True
Nitrates induce peripheral vasoconstriction.
False
The liberation of NO from organic nitrates requires an enzymic reaction that involves tissue SH groups.
True
Long-acting nitrates are taken once daily for prophylaxis.
True
Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists are useful in the treatment of vasospastic angina.
False
Calcium antagonists have no effect on intracellular actions.
False
True or false: The myocardium accounts for 4% of the cardiac output.
True
True or false: Diastole is shortened during tachycardia, reducing the time available for myocardial perfusion.
True
True or false: A decrease in arterial PO2 and pH results in the release of vasodilator compounds.
True
True or false: Adenosine is a vasoconstrictor.
False
True or false: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors decrease hepatic lipoprotein synthesis.
True
True or false: PCSK9 inhibitors inhibit the activity of protoprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9.
True
True or false: Stimulation of α1-adrenoceptors in large coronary vessels results in vasoconstriction?
True
True or false: Stimulation of β2-adrenoceptors in smaller coronary vessels induces vasodilation?
True
True or false: Noradrenaline increases heart rate and force of contraction?
True
True or false: Stimulation of β1-adrenoceptors increases Ca2+ sensitivity of contractile machinery?
True
True or false: Parasympathetic nerves release acetylcholine, which slows heart rate and automaticity?
True
True or false: Angina occurs when the oxygen supply to the myocardium is insufficient for its needs?
True
True or false: Bile acid resins prevent the reabsorption and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in the liver?
True
True or false: Ezetimibe inhibits the absorption of fat soluble vitamins and triglycerides from the gastrointestinal tract?
False
True or false: PCSK9 inhibitors increase LDL clearance from the blood?
True
True or false: Fibrates decrease plasma LDL levels by 10%?
False
True or false: Nicotinic acid decreases hepatic triglyceride production and VLDL secretion?
True
True or false: Fish oils decrease the production of VLDL triglycerides but may increase cholesterol levels?
True
True or false: Potassium channel activators are contraindicated in people with left ventricular failure?
True
True or false: Chylomicrons transport cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to tissues?
False
True or false: Type IIa dyslipidaemia is characterized by high levels of VLDL and LDL in the blood?
False
True or false: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors inhibit cholesterol production by converting HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid?
True
True or false: Statins can improve endothelial function and reduce vascular inflammation?
True
True or false: Rhabdomyolysis is a rare side effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
True
Test your knowledge about different types of angina, including unstable angina, variant (Prinzmetal's) angina, and lifestyle measures to manage angina symptoms. Learn about the risk factors, causes, and potential complications associated with these conditions.
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