Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes angina pectoris?
Which of the following best describes angina pectoris?
What is the primary cause of angina pectoris?
What is the primary cause of angina pectoris?
Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom associated with angina pectoris?
Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom associated with angina pectoris?
Which type of angina pectoris occurs at predictable levels of physical or emotional stress and responds promptly to rest or nitroglycerin?
Which type of angina pectoris occurs at predictable levels of physical or emotional stress and responds promptly to rest or nitroglycerin?
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Which of the following statements about new-onset angina is true?
Which of the following statements about new-onset angina is true?
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Which age group is more likely to experience angina pectoris?
Which age group is more likely to experience angina pectoris?
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Which of the following types of angina is characterized by an abrupt change in intensity and frequency of symptoms or decreased threshold of stimulus?
Which of the following types of angina is characterized by an abrupt change in intensity and frequency of symptoms or decreased threshold of stimulus?
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What is the primary cause of Prinzmetal's or vasospastic angina?
What is the primary cause of Prinzmetal's or vasospastic angina?
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Which statement about Prinzmetal's angina is true?
Which statement about Prinzmetal's angina is true?
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Which of the following statements about decubitus or resting angina is correct?
Which of the following statements about decubitus or resting angina is correct?
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What is the primary cause of microvascular angina associated with insulin resistance syndrome?
What is the primary cause of microvascular angina associated with insulin resistance syndrome?
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Which of the following conditions can cause myocardial ischemia?
Which of the following conditions can cause myocardial ischemia?
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Study Notes
Angina Pectoris
- Angina is a chest pain or discomfort occurring when a heart muscle does not get enough oxygen, a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD).
- It usually starts behind the breastbone, but may project in the arm, shoulder, neck, jaw, throat, and back.
- Described as pressure, squeezing, or tightness in the chest, and may be mistaken for indigestion.
- Shortness of breath, weakness, lightheadedness, and sweating may occur.
Definition and Incidence
- Atherosclerotic plaque formation obstructs blood vessels, restricting blood supply to tissues, causing ischemia.
- Ischemia occurs when cardiac workload exceeds oxygen supply to myocardial tissue, causing temporary chest pain or discomfort.
- Exact incidence of angina is unknown, but it is common, especially in people aged 65 years and older, and more often in men.
Types of Anginal Pain
Chronic Stable Angina
- Classified as classic, exertional angina, occurring at predictable levels of physical or emotional stress.
- Responds promptly to rest or nitroglycerin.
- No pain occurs at rest, and location, duration, intensity, and frequency of chest pain are consistent over time (60 days).
Other Types of Anginal Pain
- New-onset angina: develops for the first time within the last 2 weeks and is considered unstable.
- Nocturnal angina: awakens a person from sleep with the same sensation experienced during exertion, usually caused by increased heart rate.
- Postinfarction angina: occurs after MI when residual ischemia triggers an episode of angina.
- Preinfarction angina or unstable angina: unpredictable, characterized by an abrupt change in symptoms or decreased threshold of stimulus.
- Prinzmetal's, vasospastic, or variant angina: caused by coronary artery spasm, produces symptoms similar to typical angina.
- Decubitus or resting angina: atypical, occurs at rest, and frequently occurs at the same time every day.
- Microvascular angina: associated with insulin resistance syndrome, affects the microcirculatory system, and may be caused by a decrease in estrogen during menopause.
Etiologic and Risk Factors
- Any condition that alters the blood (oxygen) supply or demand of the myocardium can cause ischemia.
- Increased oxygen needs, decreased oxygen supply, or increased cardiac workload can cause ischemia.
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Description
Test your knowledge about angina pectoris, a chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle, generally due to coronary artery disease. Learn about its symptoms, presentation, and possible confusion with other conditions.
