Anesthetic Maintenance Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about volatile or inhalation agents used in anaesthesia maintenance?

They can exist in both liquid and gaseous forms (correct)
They exist only as gases at room temperature
They are carried as a liquid by a gas
They are actually gases

What is the purpose of a vaporiser in anaesthesia maintenance?

To convert gases into liquids
To deliver oxygen to the patient
To carry anaesthetic agents as a gas
To deliver anaesthetic agents to the patient (correct)

What happens when more fresh gas flow is allowed into the chamber of the vaporiser?

The vaporiser temperature increases
The patient receives less anaesthetic agent
The patient receives more anaesthetic agent (correct)
The gas becomes saturated with oxygen

What is the critical temperature of a substance?

The temperature at which it exists only as a gas (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the bypass pathway in the vaporiser?

To allow gas flow to the patient when the vaporiser is turned off (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using nitrous oxide in anesthesia?

It can cause bone marrow suppression (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the environmental concerns associated with the use of anaesthetic inhalation agents?

They are considered greenhouse gases (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum percentage of oxygen (O2) needed in anesthesia?

30% (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is nitrous oxide not suitable for use in gastric dilation volvulus (GDV) cases?

It diffuses quickly into gas-filled spaces (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk associated with long-term exposure to nitrous oxide?

Bone marrow suppression (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA)?

Anaesthesia induced and maintained by intravenous administration of drugs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is a centrally acting muscle relaxant but does not provide analgesia on its own?

Guaifenesin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main rationale behind Partial Intravenous Anaesthesia (PIVA)?

To reduce the amount of inhalation agent needed (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs has been shown to improve cardiovascular stability under anesthesia?

Lidocaine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ceiling effect in relation to opioids?

There is no further reduction in MAC after a certain dose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a continuous rate infusion (CRI) for anesthesia?

It avoids peaks and troughs in the anesthetic plane (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs has reduced accumulation compared to methadone?

Morphine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about isoflurane and sevoflurane?

Isoflurane diffuses into tissues more quickly than sevoflurane. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of inhalation anaesthetic agents?

They cause dose dependent cardiovascular and respiratory depression. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of nitrous oxide in veterinary practice?

To spare the cardiovascular effects of other anaesthetic agents. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated MAC of nitrous oxide in cats and dogs?

More than 200%. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with the use of nitrous oxide in veterinary practice?

It can cause diffusion hypoxia. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of breathing 100% oxygen after the use of nitrous oxide?

8-10 minutes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the delivery of anaesthetic agents in modern vaporisers?

Modern vaporisers contain mechanisms for temperature and flow rate compensation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do inhalation agents work in the body?

They are absorbed by the alveoli and diffuse into the blood. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect the rate of increase in plasma concentration of an anaesthetic agent?

Concentration of the agent, patient's ventilation, cardiac output, and solubility of the agent in the blood. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens once the anaesthetic agents reach the central nervous system (CNS)?

Their exact mechanism of action is not fully understood. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are inhalation agents removed from the body?

They are exhaled by the patient virtually unchanged. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) values in anaesthetic practice?

To guide clinical decision making in patients under anaesthetic. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these drugs is a dissociative anaesthetic and NMDA receptor antagonist?

Ketamine (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these drugs is an alpha-2 agonist?

Detomidine (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these drugs is a centrally acting muscle relaxant?

Guaifenesin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale behind Partial Intravenous Anaesthesia (PIVA)?

To reduce the amount of inhalation agent needed (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs contribute to analgesia in anesthesia?

Opioids (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a Continuous Rate Infusion (CRI) for anesthesia?

It allows for easy adjustment of anesthesia depth (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk associated with long-term exposure to nitrous oxide?

Cancer (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a suitable option for maintaining anesthesia in small animals during TIVA?

Repeated boluses of ketamine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate option for anesthesia during intrathoracic surgery in small animals?

Total intravenous anesthesia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential risks associated with exposure to inhaled anesthetic agents in healthcare personnel?

Neurologic disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum percentage of oxygen (O2) needed in anesthesia?

30% (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the critical temperature of a substance?

It is the temperature at which a substance exists as both a liquid and a gas. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the dial on the vaporiser is turned up?

The fresh gas flow is divided, with some continuing along the bypass pathway and some going into the chamber containing the anaesthetic agent. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the bypass pathway in the vaporiser?

To allow the fresh gas flow to bypass the chamber containing the anaesthetic agent. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main rationale behind Partial Intravenous Anaesthesia (PIVA)?

To minimize the use of inhalation agents. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended minimum percentage of oxygen (O2) needed in anesthesia?

40% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern with the use of nitrous oxide in veterinary practice?

It can cause diffusion hypoxia. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can result in a slower rise in the concentration of the anaesthetic agent in the plasma?

Increased solubility of the agent (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of anaesthetic scavenging mechanisms?

To remove the anaesthetic gases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)?

The concentration of vapour in the alveoli of the lungs needed to prevent 50% of patients from moving in response to surgical stimulus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about MAC values?

They are different for different agents and different species (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inhalation agents are licensed in veterinary species in the UK?

Isoflurane and sevoflurane (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dial on the vaporiser?

To measure the concentration of the agent leaving the common gas outlet (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) values of isoflurane and sevoflurane?

Sevoflurane has a slightly higher MAC than isoflurane. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the blood gas solubility of isoflurane and sevoflurane?

Isoflurane has a lower blood gas solubility than sevoflurane. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of sevoflurane over isoflurane in terms of anaesthetic depth?

Sevoflurane provides a quicker change in anaesthetic depth compared to isoflurane. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using sevoflurane compared to isoflurane?

Sevoflurane is more expensive than isoflurane. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential disadvantage of using sevoflurane in terms of gas usage?

Sevoflurane requires a higher flow rate compared to isoflurane. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using sevoflurane for mask induction?

The advantage of using sevoflurane for mask induction is not mentioned in the text. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Volatile/Inhalation Agents

Anesthetic agents that can exist in liquid and gaseous forms.

Vaporiser Purpose

A device to deliver anesthetic agents to the patient during maintenance.