30 Questions
What is a characteristic of the drug formulation mentioned in the passage?
Water-soluble formulation
Where does the drug enter the systemic circulation?
Left side of the heart
What determines the transfer of the drug from the blood to the brain?
Arterial concentration of the free drug
Why do highly lipid soluble drugs get initially distributed to organs with high blood flow?
Because they have high blood flow
What happens to the plasma concentration of the drug over time?
It falls
What is the result of redistribution on the action of the drug?
It terminates the action of the drug
What is a disadvantage of this anesthetic?
Poor analgesic
What is a benefit of using this anesthetic in patients with cerebral edema?
It reduces intracranial tension
Why must equipment for controlled ventilation be available when using this anesthetic?
Pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes persist
What is a precaution that must be taken when administering this anesthetic?
The patient should not be in a sitting position
What is a possible complication of extravasation of this anesthetic?
Nerve palsy and limb gangrene
What is a benefit of using this anesthetic in patients with cerebral blood flow and metabolism?
It reduces cerebral blood flow and metabolism
What is the precaution to be taken when using propofol in patients with a history of egg allergy?
History of egg allergy is not a contraindication
In which age group is propofol infusion not recommended for long-term use?
Children < 16 years
What is the advantage of etomidate in patients with cardiac disease?
It is the most cardiovascular stable among all IV agents
What is the most common adverse effect of etomidate?
Nausea and vomiting
What can be used to reduce the risk of adrenocortical suppression caused by etomidate?
Vitamin C supplementation
What is the unique feature of etomidate that makes it useful in patients with elevated ICT?
It decreases ICT by almost 50%
What can barbiturate poisoning lead to?
Death
Why are barbiturates contraindicated in patients with acute intermittent porphyria?
They can induce the production of hepatic Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase
What is the purpose of forced diuresis and alkalinisation of the urine in treating barbiturate poisoning?
To increase the excretion of phenobarbital
What is a common problem associated with the injection of propofol?
Pain on injection
Why is it mandatory to discard the propofol vial within 6 hours after opening?
To prevent bacterial contamination
What is the concentration of propofol available as a milky white solution?
1% and 2%
What is a primary function of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system?
To reduce neuronal excitability
Which of the following is NOT a use of benzodiazepines in anesthesia?
Analgesia
What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?
Potentiation of GABA actions
Which route of administration is NOT used for lorazepam?
Topical
What is the elimination half-life of midazolam?
2-3 hours
Why are benzodiazepines used to prevent hallucinations by ketamine?
Because they have amnesic properties
This quiz covers the properties and effects of an anesthetic agent, including its pharmacological and physiological characteristics. Learn about its safety, formulation, and circulation in the body.
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