Anesthesia Machines and Breathing Circuits

<p>Assess the patient's anesthetic depth and consider lightening anesthesia or addressing potential underlying causes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Check the patient's allergy history to rule out potential hypersensitivity to maropitant. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rebreathing circuits incorporate a CO2 absorber canister to remove carbon dioxide, while non-rebreathing circuits bypass this component. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By decreasing mechanical dead space, reducing the effort required for breathing and preventing hypoventilation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rebreathing circuit with a flow rate of approximately 20-40 ml/kg/min. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flowmeter → Vaporizer → Fresh gas inlet/outlet port → Reservoir bag → Inhalation valve. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A non-rebreathing circuit, because it facilitates faster changes in anesthetic depth due to the high flow rates and direct delivery of fresh gas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove excess anesthetic gases from the circuit and prevent environmental contamination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When anesthetizing a cat weighing 4kg to minimize resistance to breathing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform a leak test to confirm the presence and severity of the leak. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Verify the correct placement, size, and inflation of the patient's ET tube. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Check the ET tube placement and for any potential leaks in the anesthesia machine. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents the concentration of anesthetic needed to prevent movement in 50% of patients exposed to surgical stimulus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher potency, requires a lower concentration of the drug. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the precise control and delivery of a specific percentage of anesthetic gas. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Applying soapy water to machine connections and looking for bubble formation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.25 L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower blood-gas partition coefficient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A decrease in fresh gas flow has led to rebreathing and increased anesthetic concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential for rapid pressure build-up, posing a risk to the patient's lungs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For a patient with pre-existing respiratory compromise where minimal breathing resistance is critical. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To achieve a balance between waste gas reduction and anesthetic depth control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pop-off valve is inadvertently closed or obstructed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recalculate the appropriate bag size, opting for the lower end of the calculated range. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the bag is too small, consider using the higher end calculation of 20ml/kg/ml. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The importance of monitoring for pressure buildup within the system to avoid lung damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A higher flow rate causes faster induction and recovery due to rapid changes in anesthetic concentration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps prevent hypothermia and airway drying, which can be detrimental to small patients. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The absence of a scavenging system in open systems results in direct release of waste gas into the atmosphere. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It warms the inspired gases using the heat from the expired gases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding a CO2 absorbent canister into the circuit. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attach a non-rebreathing circuit directly to the anesthesia machine, bypassing the rebreathing components. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential for hypoventilation and inadequate oxygen delivery during spontaneous or manual ventilation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reservoir bag is obstructed or kinked, increasing the pressure required to deliver gas to the patient. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient will develop hypercapnia due to the rebreathing of CO2, leading to respiratory acidosis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replace the soda lime canister immediately, as the color change indicates exhaustion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>900 - 1800 mL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If the reservoir bag is too small, it may not provide adequate tidal volume for the patient, leading to hypoventilation and inadequate oxygenation. Conversely, if the bag is too large, it may be difficult to observe the patient's breathing patterns, and manual ventilation may be less effective, increasing the risk of barotrauma or inadequate ventilation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ketamine = Cyclohexamine/Dissociative anesthetic Butorphanol = Opioid partial agonist Midazolam = Benzodazepine Dexmedetomidine = Alpha-2 agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acepromazine = Phenothiazine Cerenia = Antiemetic Butorphanol = Opioid partial agonist Ketamine = Cyclohexamine/Dissociative anesthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sedative and analgesic = Dexmedetomidine Anesthetic induction, short term anesthesia, sedation, some analgesia (not visceral), can decrease wind up = Ketamine Adjunctive preanesthetic, analgesic, relief of chronic non productive cough = Butorphanol Sedative, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, treats status epilepticus when given IV, IM, or IN = Midazolam</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preanesthetic, sedative/tranquilizer, alleviates itching, (antiemetic associated with motion sickness) = Acepromazine Prevention and treatment of acute vomiting = Cerenia Sedative and analgesic = Dexmedetomidine Anesthetic induction, short term anesthesia, sedation, some analgesia (not visceral), can decrease wind up = Ketamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bradycardia, decreased rr, hypothermia, urination, vomiting, hyperglycemia, pain on IM injection. = Dexmedetomidine Respiratory depression, hyperresponsiveness, muscle tremors, prolonged recovery, dilated pupils, ataxia, loss of blink reflex = Ketamine Sedation, excitement, respiratory depression, ataxia, anorexia, diarrhea, and decrease of intestinal motility = Butorphanol Allergy reactions are possible but rare, swelling or pain at SQ inj. Site, depression, lethargy, anorexia, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, ataxia, convulsions = Cerenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Possibility of respiratory depression, can increase intraocular pressure = Midazolam Hypotension, bradycardia, decreased tear production (hypolacrimation) in cats, 3rd eyelid prolapse in cats, penile prolapse in stallions = Acepromazine Sedation, excitement, respiratory depression, ataxia, anorexia, diarrhea, and decrease of intestinal motility = Butorphanol Respiratory depression, hyperresponsiveness, muscle tremors, prolonged recovery, dilated pupils, ataxia, loss of blink reflex = Ketamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoid in pts with GI obstruction or that have ingested toxins, caution in pts with hepatic dysfunction = Cerenia Not rec’d in pregnant dogs (induce uterine contractions and decrease fetal blood pressure). Cardiovascular disease, liver or kidney disease, use with caution in very old or very young animals. = Dexmedetomidine Pts with head trauma, seizure disorders, hypertension, glaucoma = Ketamine Caution in pts with hyperthyroidism, severe renal insufficiency, and adrenocortical insufficiency (Addisons), also in geriatric and severely debilitated patients = Butorphanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caution in geriatric and pregnant animals, avoid in hepatic and renal dz patients, do not use with congestive heart failure = Midazolam Hepatic dysfunction, pt with coagulopathies, thrombocytopenia, Collies and Australian shepherds may develop more pronounced sedation, boxers, giant breeds and greyhound dogs are more sensitive = Acepromazine Caution in pts with hyperthyroidism, severe renal insufficiency, and adrenocortical insufficiency (Addisons), also in geriatric and severely debilitated patients = Butorphanol Pts with head trauma, seizure disorders, hypertension, glaucoma = Ketamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

A system that recycles exhaled gases for breathing, using a soda lime CO2 absorber.

A system that prevents rebreathing exhaled gases and relies on a reservoir bag.

A bag used in anesthesia systems to store fresh gases and provide tidal volume during ventilation.

Reservoir bag size = kg x 10-20mL/kg x 6 / 1000.

Absorbs CO2 from exhaled gases in a rebreathing system.

Jackson has external fresh gas inlet; Norman has it in the patient connection.

Removes waste anesthetic gases from the environment in non-rebreathing systems.

Part of rebreathing systems that collects exhaled CO2 to purify inhaled air.

Valves that ensure gas flow only in one direction in breathing systems.

Low flow rates of ~20-40ml/kg/min are used in rebreathing systems.

High flow rates of ~300-500ml/kg/min are typical in non-rebreathing systems.

Narrow tubes increase work of breathing, lower resistance is better.

Measurement through an arterial catheter providing real-time data.

Measurement using doppler or oscillometric devices, not invasive.

Normal range is 90-140 mmHg for dogs.

Amount of CO2 released at exhalation; indicates ventilation efficiency.

Tracks heart electrical activity; shows heart rate and rhythm.

A procedure to check for leaks in the anesthesia system before use.

The amount of air the patient inhales in one breath, typically 10-20 ml/kg.

The total volume of air a patient breathes in one minute, calculated as tidal volume x respiratory rate / 1000.

The correct positioning of the endotracheal tube for proper ventilation during anesthesia.

Preferred over isoflurane due to lower blood gas partition coefficient, allowing faster onset and recovery.

A device that delivers a specific percentage of anesthetic gas to the patient accurately.

The concentration of anesthetic gas in alveoli required to prevent movement in 50% of patients during surgery.

After induction, confirm ET tube placement and check machine connections if leaks are detected.

Evaluate or replace the reservoir bag if a leak is suspected during a leak test.

Actions to take if a leak is found, including checking or changing components of the anesthesia system.

An anesthetic system that conserves gas and minimizes waste.

Cost-efficient, minimal waste, stable anesthetic depth.

Requires precise control, can build pressure, complex management.

Combines aspects of open and closed systems for anesthetic delivery.

Faster anesthetic adjustments, reduced waste compared to open systems.

More gas waste than closed, requires CO2 absorber, risk to lungs.

An anesthetic system with minimal resistance and straightforward setup.

Minimal resistance, faster induction, no CO2 absorber needed.

High gas flow costs, environmental pollution, heat loss risk.

Check bag size, pop-off valve, flow rate, and scavenging system.