Anesthesia for C-Sections in Small Animals

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Which of the following is a physiological alteration that occurs during gestation and parturition in pregnant animals undergoing C section leads to increased regurgitation likelihood?

Reduced metabolic demands
Decreased gastrin levels
Delayed GI emptying (correct)
Increased gastric pH

What is the commonest reason to anaesthetize a pregnant animal?

To monitor fetal development
For Caesarean section (correct)
To induce labor
To administer pain relief

Which of the following strategies can help reduce the likelihood of regurgitation during C section?

Keeping the head up (correct)
Deflating the ET cuff
Administering opioids to the dam
Using local anaesthetics

What is the recommended approach when choosing drugs for anaesthesia during C section?

Use drugs with a short duration of action (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to provide oxygen and intubate during C section?

To maintain proper ventilation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using local anaesthetics during C section?

To reduce the need for analgesia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for the dam during C section to reduce regurgitation and compression of the central venous catheter (CVC)?

Tilt off midline (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored during C section to ensure adequate perfusion to the placenta?

Arterial blood pressure (ABP) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be done in response to hypotension during C section?

Administer fluids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of premedication during C section?

To provide analgesia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vein is used to place the IV cannula in the dam?

Cephalic vein (B) Signup and view all the answers

What should be continuously and comprehensively monitored during anesthesia?

Blood pressure, end-tidal CO2, and oxygen saturation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended fluid infusion rate for a dog during anesthesia?

10-20 ml/kg/hr (A) Signup and view all the answers

When should an NSAID be administered during a procedure?

At the end of the procedure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method to clear away membranes and fluid from the mouth and nose of a newborn puppy or kitten?

Suction with a bulb syringe (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the inverted L block in ruminant C section?

To create an area of anesthesia away from the incision site (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve roots are desensitized by the proximal paravertebral nerve block in ruminant C section?

T13 and L1 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended size of the needle for injecting local anesthetic in the inverted L block?

18 gauge (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a cannula or guide needle in the proximal paravertebral nerve block?

To facilitate proper needle placement of anesthetic (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure does the needle pass ventral to when performing a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

Transverse ligament (B) Signup and view all the answers

How much local anesthetic is injected to desensitize the ventral branches of the nerves during a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

6 to 8 mL (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

Wide and uniform area of analgesia and muscle relaxation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the disadvantages of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

Increased difficulty in identifying landmarks in obese and heavily muscled animals (D) Signup and view all the answers

What evidence indicates a successful proximal paravertebral nerve block?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

In a study comparing proximal paravertebral anesthetic block and a combination line block plus inverted L block for flank laparotomy in cattle, which block provided better clinical analgesia during the creation of the incision into the abdomen?

Proximal paravertebral block (C) Signup and view all the answers

How much local anesthetic is infused to desensitize the dorsal branch of the nerves during a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

6 to 8 mL (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the depth of the needle insertion for a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

Depth similar to the injection site for T13 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

To desensitize the dorsal branches of the nerves (C) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a proximal paravertebral nerve block have on the spine?

Causes scoliosis of the spine toward the desensitized side (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are some physiological alterations during gestation and parturition in pregnant animals undergoing C section that increase the likelihood of regurgitation?

Delayed GI emptying, increased gastrin levels, and lower pH of gastric fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What factors should be considered when choosing drugs for anaesthesia during C section?

Choose drugs with a short duration of action, use the lowest possible dose, and provide opioids to the dam. Signup and view all the answers

What measures can be taken during C section to reduce the likelihood of regurgitation and compression of the central venous catheter (CVC)?

Increase head intubation, inflate the ET cuff, keep the head elevated, and position the dam carefully to reduce regurgitation and CVC compression. Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the inverted L block in ruminant C section?

The advantages of the inverted L block include simplicity of performance, minimal interference with ambulation, and reduced incisional edema and hematoma. The disadvantages include incomplete analgesia and muscle relaxation, possible toxicity with larger doses of anesthetic, and increased cost due to larger doses of local anesthetic. Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps involved in performing a proximal paravertebral nerve block in ruminants?

The steps involved in performing a proximal paravertebral nerve block in ruminants include desensitizing the skin at the cranial edges of the transverse processes of L1, L2, and L3, inserting a cannula or guide needle, desensitizing T13 and the ventral branch, infusing local anesthetic to desensitize the dorsal branch, and desensitizing L1 and L2 by inserting the needle caudal to their transverse processes. Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommended methods for clearing away membranes and fluid from the mouth and nose of a newborn puppy or kitten?

The recommended methods for clearing away membranes and fluid from the mouth and nose of a newborn puppy or kitten include suction, cotton buds, bulb syringe, vigorous rubbing, swinging, and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if needed. Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

Advantages of the proximal paravertebral nerve block include small doses of anesthetic, wide and uniform area of analgesia and muscle relaxation, decreased intra-abdominal pressure, and absence of local anesthetic at the margins of the surgical site. Signup and view all the answers

What evidence indicates a successful proximal paravertebral nerve block?

Evidence of a successful proximal paravertebral nerve block includes increased temperature of the skin; analgesia of the skin, muscles, and peritoneum of the abdominal wall of the paralumbar fossa; and scoliosis of the spine toward the desensitized side. Signup and view all the answers

What are the disadvantages of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

Disadvantages of the proximal paravertebral nerve block include scoliosis of the spine, which may make closure of the incision more difficult; difficulty in identifying landmarks in obese and heavily muscled animals; and more skill or practice required for consistent results. Signup and view all the answers

What is the depth of the needle insertion for a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

The needle is walked off the caudal edges of the transverse processes of L1 and L2, at a depth similar to the injection site for T13, and advanced approximately 1 cm to pass slightly ventral to the process and into the transverse ligament. Signup and view all the answers

Anesthesia for C-Sections in Small Animals

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a physiological alteration that occurs during gestation and parturition in pregnant animals undergoing C section leads to increased regurgitation likelihood?

What is the commonest reason to anaesthetize a pregnant animal?

Which of the following strategies can help reduce the likelihood of regurgitation during C section?

What is the recommended approach when choosing drugs for anaesthesia during C section?

Why is it important to provide oxygen and intubate during C section?

What is the purpose of using local anaesthetics during C section?

What is the recommended position for the dam during C section to reduce regurgitation and compression of the central venous catheter (CVC)?

What should be monitored during C section to ensure adequate perfusion to the placenta?

What should be done in response to hypotension during C section?

What is the purpose of premedication during C section?

Which vein is used to place the IV cannula in the dam?

What should be continuously and comprehensively monitored during anesthesia?

What is the recommended fluid infusion rate for a dog during anesthesia?

When should an NSAID be administered during a procedure?

What is the recommended method to clear away membranes and fluid from the mouth and nose of a newborn puppy or kitten?

What is the purpose of the inverted L block in ruminant C section?

Which nerve roots are desensitized by the proximal paravertebral nerve block in ruminant C section?

What is the recommended size of the needle for injecting local anesthetic in the inverted L block?

What is the purpose of using a cannula or guide needle in the proximal paravertebral nerve block?

Which structure does the needle pass ventral to when performing a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

How much local anesthetic is injected to desensitize the ventral branches of the nerves during a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

What are the advantages of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

What are the disadvantages of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

What evidence indicates a successful proximal paravertebral nerve block?

In a study comparing proximal paravertebral anesthetic block and a combination line block plus inverted L block for flank laparotomy in cattle, which block provided better clinical analgesia during the creation of the incision into the abdomen?

How much local anesthetic is infused to desensitize the dorsal branch of the nerves during a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

What is the depth of the needle insertion for a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

What is the purpose of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

What effect does a proximal paravertebral nerve block have on the spine?

What are some physiological alterations during gestation and parturition in pregnant animals undergoing C section that increase the likelihood of regurgitation?

What factors should be considered when choosing drugs for anaesthesia during C section?

What measures can be taken during C section to reduce the likelihood of regurgitation and compression of the central venous catheter (CVC)?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the inverted L block in ruminant C section?

What are the steps involved in performing a proximal paravertebral nerve block in ruminants?

What are the recommended methods for clearing away membranes and fluid from the mouth and nose of a newborn puppy or kitten?

What are the advantages of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

What evidence indicates a successful proximal paravertebral nerve block?

What are the disadvantages of a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

What is the depth of the needle insertion for a proximal paravertebral nerve block?

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