Anesthesia Awareness and Management
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a gastrostomy tube?

  • To assist in wound drainage
  • To compensate for inability to swallow food (correct)
  • To facilitate breathing during surgery
  • To provide intravenous medication

    • Which phase of the perioperative period begins with the decision to proceed with surgery?

  • Postoperative phase
  • Rehabilitation phase
  • Intraoperative phase
  • Preoperative phase (correct)

    • In the context of surgical classification, what does 'elective' imply?

  • Surgery that is scheduled at the convenience of the surgeon
  • Surgery that is performed in emergency circumstances
  • Surgery performed due to immediate necessity
  • Surgery that is not catastrophic if postponed (correct)

    • What defines an 'urgent' surgical procedure?

    <p>Surgery needed within 24 to 48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of surgery requires the patient to have surgery within a few weeks?

    <p>Required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of informed consent in the surgical process?

    <p>To confirm the patient's understanding and agreement to the procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition would classify as an emergency surgical situation?

    <p>An intestinal obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does the intraoperative phase of surgery begin?

    <p>When the patient is transferred onto the operating room table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to help a patient decrease fear during a postoperative period?

    <p>Identify previous coping strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive coping strategy is focused on relaxation?

    <p>Visualizing a pleasant scene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the intra-operative period?

    <p>Ensuring patient safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a purpose of administering preoperative medication?

    <p>Enhance recovery speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does music serve as a cognitive coping strategy?

    <p>It diverts attention from pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should nursing staff do to respect a patient's cultural beliefs preoperatively?

    <p>Validate their beliefs and practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one benefit of having a patient NPO before surgery?

    <p>Prevents aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ought to be avoided when implementing cognitive coping strategies?

    <p>Promoting pessimistic thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of obtaining informed consent before a surgical procedure?

    <p>To inform the patient of risks and alternatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surgery is performed specifically to relieve pain or correct a problem?

    <p>Palliative surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of ensuring a patient's ability to comprehend the surgical consent process?

    <p>Providing consent in a language understandable to the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of surgery includes procedures like mammoplasty or facelift?

    <p>Reconstructive or cosmetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a trained medical interpreter during the consent process?

    <p>To ensure the patient understands the information provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential requirement before performing a surgical procedure?

    <p>The patient must receive pre-operative education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a purpose of obtaining informed consent?

    <p>To expedite the surgical process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of the pre-operative assessment?

    <p>To ensure the patient is as healthy as possible before surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for obtaining informed consent before surgery?

    <p>Documentation of health history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT typically assessed in a pre-operative assessment?

    <p>Family history of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of providing patient teaching about deep breathing and coughing before surgery?

    <p>To prevent respiratory complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would enemas typically be prescribed before surgery?

    <p>For patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of skin preparation before surgery?

    <p>To decrease bacteria on the skin surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key recommendation for patient mobility after surgery?

    <p>Frequent early ambulation to prevent complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an appropriate action before surgery for a patient who had fatty food?

    <p>Fasting for 12 hours after eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should NOT be included in the informed consent document?

    <p>Summary of the patient's previous surgeries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a patient receiving regional anesthesia?

    <p>The patient may experience exaggerated noises.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of epidural anesthesia?

    <p>Greater technical challenge in administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which lumbar level is spinal anesthesia typically administered?

    <p>L4 and L5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of moderate sedation?

    <p>To reduce anxiety and control pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes monitored anesthesia care (MAC) from other sedation methods?

    <p>An anesthesiologist must be prepared to convert to general anesthesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area does spinal anesthesia primarily affect?

    <p>Lower extremities and perineum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of administration for moderate sedation?

    <p>Intravenous administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of anesthesia mentioned?

    <p>General anesthesia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anesthesia Types and Patient Awareness

    • Regional Anesthesia: Patient remains awake and aware unless sedatives are used.
    • Epidural Anesthesia: Involves injecting anesthesia into the epidural space. Advantages include no headache; disadvantages include technical difficulty.
    • Spinal Anesthesia: Local anesthetic is delivered into the subarachnoid space (L4-L5), resulting in anesthesia of lower extremities, perineum, and lower abdomen.

    Sedation Techniques

    • Moderate Sedation: Known as conscious sedation; involves IV sedatives to alleviate anxiety and pain during procedures.
    • Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC): Moderate sedation managed by an anesthesiologist, prepared to switch to general anesthesia if needed.

    Local Anesthesia and Pain Management

    • Local anesthesia is administered via injection to numb a specific area without affecting overall consciousness.
    • Pain management strategies include timely medication and cognitive coping techniques to ease tension and anxiety.

    Cognitive Coping Strategies

    • Imagery: Focus on positive experiences to promote relaxation.
    • Distraction: Engage in enjoyable stories or songs to take the mind off the procedure.
    • Optimistic Self-Recitation: Use positive affirmations to foster a hopeful mindset.
    • Music Therapy: Listening to soothing music to ease anxiety.

    Preoperative Nursing Interventions

    • Cultural and Spiritual Respect: Acknowledge and respect patient beliefs.
    • Preparing for Surgery: The preoperative phase includes ensuring the patient is physically ready and informed.

    Surgical Phases

    • Preoperative Phase: Begins with surgical decision and ends at operating room transfer.
    • Intraoperative Phase: Starts when patient is on operating table and ends in PACU.
    • Postoperative Phase: Begins in PACU and concludes with clinical follow-up.

    Surgical Classification

    • O-E-R-U-E:
      • Optional: Patient decides the surgery.
      • Elective: Surgery is convenient but not urgent.
      • Required: Surgery needed soon.
      • Urgent: Requires attention within 24-48 hours.
      • Emergency: Immediate surgical intervention is critical.
    • Consent is the patient’s informed autonomous decision regarding surgery.
    • Must include explanation of procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives.
    • Legal requirement to protect patients and healthcare teams against malpractice.

    Preoperative Assessment Goals

    • Ensure optimal patient health before surgery by gathering comprehensive health histories.
    • Assess nutritional status, alcohol and drug use, and respiratory and cardiovascular health.

    Preoperative Nursing Interventions

    • Patient Teaching: Deep breathing, coughing techniques, and use of incentive spirometry.
    • Bowel Preparation: Enemas are usually prescribed for abdominal/pelvic surgeries to prevent contamination.
    • Skin Preparation: Decreasing bacteria on the skin to reduce infection risk.

    Patient Mobility and Recovery

    • Encourage early ambulation and mobility postoperatively to minimize complications.
    • Teach the importance of frequent position changes to promote circulation and recovery.

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    Related Documents

    Perioperative Nursing PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on the patient's experience during regional anesthesia, particularly the phenomena of sounds perceived by awake patients. It covers essential concepts about patient awareness and the stages of anesthesia care. Understanding these aspects is crucial for ensuring patient comfort and safety.

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