w5ch10

Android Framework

• Android framework sits on top of native libraries and Android runtime
• It includes Android APIs such as:
  • UI (User Interface)
  • Telephony
  • Resources
  • Locations
  • Content Providers (data)
  • Package managers
• Provides a lot of classes and interfaces for Android application development

Android Applications

• Applications sit on top of Android framework
• All applications use Android framework, which uses Android runtime and libraries
• Android runtime and native libraries use Linux kernel

Android Core Building Blocks

• Android components have a well-defined life cycle
• Core building blocks of Android include:
  • Activities
  • Views
  • Intents
  • Services
  • Content Providers
  • Fragments
  • AndroidManifest.xml

Activity

• An activity represents a single screen
• It's like a Frame in AWT

View

• A view is a UI element, such as a button, label, or text field
• Anything that can be seen on the screen is a view

Intent

• Intent is used to invoke components
• It's mainly used to:
  • Start a service
  • Launch an activity
  • Display a web page
  • Display a list of contacts
  • Broadcast a message
  • Dial a phone call

Service

• A service is a background process that can run for a long time
• There are two types of services: local and remote
• Local service is accessed from within the application
• Remote service is accessed remotely from other applications running on the same device

Content Provider

• Content providers are used to share data between applications

Fragment

• A fragment is like a part of an activity
• An activity can display one or more fragments on the screen at the same time

AndroidManifest.xml

• It contains information about activities, content providers, permissions, etc.
• It's like the web.xml file in Java EE

Android Virtual Device (AVD)

• It's used to test the Android application without the need for a mobile or tablet
• It can be created in different configurations to emulate different types of real devices

Android Emulator

• The Android emulator is an Android Virtual Device (AVD) that represents a specific Android device
• It can be used as a target device to execute and test the Android application on a PC
• It provides almost all the functionality of a real device
• It can simulate:
  • Incoming phone calls and text messages
  • Location of the device
  • Different network speeds
  • Rotation and other hardware sensors
• It can access the Google Play store and more

System Requirements

• Microsoft Windows 7/8/10 (32-bit or 64-bit)
• 4 GB RAM minimum, 8 GB RAM recommended (plus 1 GB for the Android Emulator)
• 2 GB of available disk space minimum, 4 GB recommended (500 MB for IDE plus 1.5 GB for Android SDK and emulator system image)
• 1280 x 800 minimum screen resolution

Installation Guide

• Step 1: Download the Android Studio executable or zip file
• Step 2: Click on the Download Android Studio Button and agree to the terms and conditions
• Step 3: After downloading, open the file and run it
• Step 4: Choose a path for installation and hit next
• Step 5: Click on next and then finish to complete the installation
• Step 6: Choose whether to import previous settings or not
• Step 7: Start the Android Studio and find the available SDK components
• Step 8: Download the SDK components

Creating the App Icon and Changing the Theme

• Go to the Project folder->app->source->main->res
• Navigate to the mip-map folder
• Copy the icon
• Go to the manifest file and specify the name of the icon file

Creating Activity and Formatting the Text View

• Add the TextView in a constraint layout and set the margin
• Format the text view by accessing the properties of the label widget
• Set:
  • ID
  • Text
  • Text appearance
  • Text color
  • Text size
  • Font family
  • Text style
  • Layout height and width as match parent with zero margin
  • Gravity to set alignment
  • Padding
  • Background
  • Alpha to set transparency

Showing Toast Message

• Use the Toast.makeText() method to show a toast message
• Example: Toast.makeText(this,"This is Test Msg",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

Handling the Click Event of a Button

• Draw the button in an XML file and set an ID
• Set the text of the button and set an event name like "Clickme" in the Onclick property option
• Write the Java code to handle the click event
• Example: public void clickme(View view) {...}

Creating an Alert Dialog Box

• Use the AlertDialog.Builder class to create an alert dialog box
• Set the icon, title, and message of the dialog box
• Set the positive and negative buttons
• Example: public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {...}

Opening a Second Activity with Post Values

• Use an Intent to open a second activity with post values
• Example: Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(),DisplayInfo.class); i.putExtra("value1",namestr); startActivity(i);

Android History and Key Employees

• Android Inc. was founded by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Chris White, and Nick Sears
• Android was originally intended for cameras, but shifted to smartphones due to low market demand
• Andy Rubin was nicknamed "Android" by his coworkers due to his love for robots
• Google announced the development of Android OS in 2007
• The first Android mobile was launched by HTC in 2008

Android Architecture and Software Stack

• The Android architecture is categorized into five parts:
  • Linux kernel
  • Native libraries (middleware)
  • Android Runtime
  • Application Framework
  • Applications
• Linux kernel is responsible for device drivers, power management, memory management, device management, and resource access
• Native libraries include WebKit, OpenGL, FreeType, SQLite, Media, and C runtime library (libc)
• Android Runtime includes core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine), which is optimized for mobile devices
• Android Framework provides Android API's such as UI, telephony, resources, locations, Content Providers, and package managers
• Applications use Android Framework, which uses Android Runtime and native libraries, and Linux kernel

Android Core Building Blocks

• Android components have a well-defined life cycle, e.g., Activity, Receiver, Service, etc.
• Core building blocks of Android include:
  • Activities (represent a single screen)
  • Views (UI elements, e.g., button, label, text field)
  • Intents (used to invoke components, e.g., start a service, launch an activity, display a web page)
  • Services
  • Content Providers
  • Fragments
  • AndroidManifest.xml

Android Program Compilation (Dalvik Virtual Machine | DVM)

• Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) is an Android virtual machine optimized for mobile devices
• DVM optimizes for memory, battery life, and performance

Installation of Android Studio

• Android Studio is the official IDE for Android app development
• Android Studio provides many features, including:
  • A blended environment for developing for all Android devices
  • Apply Changes to push code and resource changes to the running app without restarting
  • Flexible Gradle-based build system
  • Fast and feature-rich emulator
  • GitHub and Code template integration
  • Extensive testing tools and frameworks
  • C++ and NDK support
  • Built-in support for Google Cloud Platform

Android Project Structure and Debugging

• Android project structure includes:
  • Project folder
  • app folder
  • build folder
  • output folder
  • apk file
• Debugging involves building the project, copying the.apk file to the phone, allowing installation from unknown sources, and installing and running the app

Android App Development

• Android is a complete set of software for mobile devices, including a Linux-based operating system, middleware, and key mobile applications.
• It can be used in various devices such as mobiles, tablets, televisions, etc.

What is Android

• Android is a software package and Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as tablet computers and smartphones.
• It is developed by Google and later the OHA (Open Handset Alliance).
• Java language is mainly used to write Android code, but other languages can also be used.

History of Android

• Android was founded in 2003 by Andy Rubin in Palo Alto, California, United States.
• Google acquired Android in 2005.
• The key employees of Android are Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Chris White, and Nick Sears.
• Android was initially intended for camera but shifted to smartphones later due to the low market for cameras.
• Android is the nickname of Andy Rubin, given by his coworkers because of his love for robots.

Android Architecture and Software Stack

• Android architecture is categorized into five parts:
  • Linux kernel
  • Native libraries (middleware)
  • Android Runtime
  • Application Framework
  • Applications
• Linux kernel is responsible for device drivers, power management, memory management, device management, and resource access.
• Native libraries include WebKit, OpenGL, FreeType, SQLite, Media, and C runtime library (libc).
• Android Runtime includes core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine), which is responsible for running Android applications.

Android Program Compilation (Dalvik Virtual Machine | DVM)

• DVM is an Android virtual machine optimized for mobile devices.
• It optimizes the virtual machine for memory, battery life, and performance.

Installation of Android Studio

• Android Studio is the official IDE (Integrated Development Environment) for Android app development.
• It is based on JetBrains' IntelliJ IDEA software.
• System requirements for Android Studio include:
  • Microsoft Windows 7/8/10 (32-bit or 64-bit)
  • 4 GB RAM minimum, 8 GB RAM recommended
  • 2 GB of available disk space minimum, 4 GB recommended
  • 1280 x 800 minimum screen resolution

Installation Guide

• Step 1: Download Android Studio executable or zip file from the official website.
• Step 2: Click on the "Download Android Studio" button.
• Step 3: Open the file and run it.
• Step 4: Install Android Studio and choose a path for installation.

Creating the App Icon and Changing the Theme with No Action Bar

• Go to the Project folder -> app -> source -> main -> res.
• Navigate to the mip-map folder.
• Copy the icon.
• Go to the manifest file and specify the name of the icon file.

Creating Activity and Formatting the Text View

• Add the TextView in a constraint layout and set the margin.
• Do the following formatting by accessing the properties of the label widget:
  • ID
  • Text
  • Text appearance
  • Text color
  • Text size
  • Font family
  • Text style
  • Layout height and width as match parent with zero margin
  • Gravity to set alignment
  • Padding
  • Background
  • Alpha to set transparency

Show Toast Message

• Use Toast.makeText() to show a toast message.
• Example: Toast.makeText(this, "This is Test Msg", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

Handle the Click Event of a Button

• Draw the button in an XML file and set the ID of the button.
• Set the text of the button and set an event name like "Clickme" in the Onclick property option.
• Write Java code to handle the click event.

Create Alert Dialog Box (Java Code)

• Use the AlertDialog.Builder class to create an alert dialog box.
• Example: new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_alert).setTitle("Are you sure!?").setMessage("Do you definitely want to do this?").setPositiveButton("Yes", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {...}).setNegativeButton("No", null).show();

Open Second Activity with Post Values

• Use the Intent class to open a second activity with post values.
• Example: Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), DisplayInfo.class); i.putExtra("value1", namestr); startActivity(i);

Android History and Key Employees

• Android Incorporation's key employees are Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Chris White, and Nick Sears
• Android was originally intended for cameras but shifted to smartphones due to low market demand
• Android is a nickname given to Andy Rubin due to his love for robots
• Google announced the development of the Android OS in 2007
• HTC launched the first Android mobile in 2008

Android Architecture and Software Stack

• Android architecture is categorized into five parts:
  • Linux kernel
  • Native libraries (middleware)
  • Android Runtime
  • Application Framework
  • Applications
• Linux kernel is responsible for device drivers, power management, memory management, device management, and resource access
• Native libraries include WebKit, OpenGL, FreeType, SQLite, Media, and C runtime library (libc)

Android Runtime

• Android Runtime includes core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine)
• DVM is responsible for running Android applications and is optimized for mobile devices, consuming less memory and providing fast performance

Android Concept Definitions

• Service: a background process that can run for a long time, with two types: local and remote
• Content Provider: used to share data between applications
• Fragment: a part of an activity, with an activity displaying one or more fragments on the screen at the same time
• AndroidManifest.xml: contains information about activities, content providers, permissions, etc.

Android Virtual Device (AVD) and Android Emulator

• Android Virtual Device (AVD): used to test Android applications without a physical device, created in different configurations to emulate different real devices
• Android Emulator: an AVD that represents a specific Android device, providing almost all the functionality of a real device

Android Program Compilation (Dalvik Virtual Machine | DVM)

• The Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) is an Android virtual machine optimized for mobile devices, optimizing for memory, battery life, and performance

Installation of Android Studio

• Android Studio is the official IDE for Android app development, based on JetBrains' IntelliJ IDEA software
• Features of Android Studio include:
  • A blended environment for developing for all Android devices
  • Apply Changes to push code and resource changes to the running app without restarting
  • A flexible Gradle-based build system
  • A fast and feature-rich emulator
  • GitHub and Code template integration
  • Extensive testing tools and frameworks
  • C++ and NDK support
  • Built-in support for Google Cloud Platform

Android Project Structure and Debugging

• The Android project structure includes folders for app, build, output, and debugging

Building and Testing the App

• Build the project and go to the Project folder -> app -> build -> output -> apk
• Copy the .apk file to your phone, allow installation from unknown sources, and install and run the app

Android History

• Android was originally intended for cameras but shifted to smartphones due to a low market for cameras.
• Android is the nickname of Andy Rubin, given by his coworkers due to his love for robots.

Key Employees

• Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Chris White, and Nick Sears are key employees of Android Incorporation.

Android Architecture and Software Stack

• Android architecture is categorized into five parts:
  • Linux kernel
  • Native libraries (middleware)
  • Android Runtime
  • Application Framework
  • Applications

Linux Kernel

• Linux kernel is the heart of Android architecture, responsible for device drivers, power management, memory management, device management, and resource access.

Native Libraries

• Native libraries include WebKit, OpenGL, FreeType, SQLite, Media, and C runtime library (libc), etc.
• WebKit is responsible for browser support, SQLite is for database, FreeType is for font support, and Media is for playing and recording audio and video formats.

Android Runtime

• Android Runtime includes core libraries and the Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM), which is responsible for running Android applications.
• DVM is optimized for mobile devices, consuming less memory and providing fast performance.

Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM)

• DVM is an Android virtual machine optimized for mobile devices, optimizing memory, battery life, and performance.

Android Studio Installation

• Android Studio is the official IDE (Integrated Development Environment) for Android app development, based on JetBrains' IntelliJ IDEA software.
• Features of Android Studio include:
  • A blended environment for developing for all Android devices
  • Apply Changes to push code and resource changes to the running app without restarting the app
  • A flexible Gradle-based build system
  • A fast and feature-rich emulator
  • GitHub and Code template integration to assist in developing common app features and importing sample code
  • Extensive testing tools and frameworks
  • C++ and NDK support
  • Built-in support for Google Cloud Platform, making it easy to integrate Google Cloud Messaging and App Engine

Installing Android Studio

• Steps to install Android Studio:
  • Download and install Android Studio
  • Choose the "Don't import Settings" option
  • Click the OK button
  • Wait for the Android Studio to start
  • Choose the theme (Light or Dark)
  • Click on the Next button
  • Download the SDK components
  • Click on the Finish button to launch Android Studio

Android Project Structure and Debugging

• The Android project structure includes:
  • Project folder
  • app folder
  • build folder
  • output folder
  • apk file

Building and Testing the App

• Steps to build and test the app:
  • Build the project
  • Go to the Project folder -> app -> build -> output -> apk
  • Copy the .apk file to your phone
  • Allow install app from unknown source option
  • Install and run the app