Andrew Jackson: Life in Brief

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Questions and Answers

What did James Monroe consider a major detriment to the United States?

  • The increased influence of local elites.
  • The expansion of voting rights to non-property owners.
  • The rise of demagoguery in political campaigns.
  • The development of political parties. (correct)

Prior to the 1820s, how were presidential electors typically chosen in most states?

  • Through nominations by local elites and leading families.
  • Through a combination of popular vote and state legislature appointments.
  • By direct popular vote of all white male citizens.
  • Indirectly, by the state legislatures. (correct)

What was a major change in voting procedures during the period of democratization?

  • The implementation of voting machines in all states.
  • The elimination of voting by voice. (correct)
  • The adoption of literacy tests for voters.
  • The increase in property requirements for holding office.

By 1840, approximately what percentage of adult white males participated in voting?

<p>Nearly 80 percent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant factor that contributed to the demand for the abolition of property qualifications for voting?

<p>The economic distress following the Panic of 1819. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the transition to a more democratic political system, what political reforms were implemented?

<p>Direct methods of selecting officials replaced indirect ones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the new two-party system that emerged by the mid-1830s?

<p>Marked philosophical differences and strong organizations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these was NOT a method used by professional party managers to mobilize popular support during the Jacksonian era?

<p>Secret meetings and backroom deals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what was a key change included in the 1821 constitutional adoption related to suffrage?

<p>Extended voting rights to all adult white males who paid taxes or had served in the militia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of the constitutional amendment, five years after the 1821 adoption, concerning suffrage qualifications?

<p>It removed taxpaying and militia requirements, establishing universal white manhood suffrage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the situation by 1840 regarding white manhood suffrage?

<p>Most states had established universal white manhood suffrage, with three still restricting it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What actions were taken to encourage popular participation in politics, as described in the document?

<p>Establishing statewide nominating conventions, opening polling places in more convenient locations, extending polling hours, and eliminating voice voting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the voting process typically occur during the mid-nineteenth century?

<p>Voters used straight-ticket ballots prepared by political parties, deposited in public view boxes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change occurred in the method of choosing presidential electors between 1824 and the start of the Civil War, according to the text provided?

<p>Most states changed from state legislatures to popular voting, with South Carolina holding out until the Civil War. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the general situation regarding immigrants and the right to vote during the nineteenth century?

<p>Most states allowed non-naturalized immigrant males to vote if they declared their intention to become citizens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the status of voting rights for African Americans and women during this era of white manhood suffrage?

<p>Voting restrictions for African Americans and women remained in place, except in a very small number of northern states for African Americans. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the impact of the democratic surge in the 1820s on established professions?

<p>It eroded the elitist status of professions like law and medicine by reducing training requirements and increasing competition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the judiciary change during the era of increased democratic sentiment?

<p>Judges started to be elected instead of appointed, which increased their responsiveness to public opinion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of establishing new campaign tools during the early 19th century?

<p>They shifted political power away from local elites and towards political bosses who could manipulate public interest. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key consequence of the shift in political language from the 18th to the 19th century?

<p>It made politics more accessible to ordinary people by using everyday language and concepts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Anti-Masonic party achieve widespread popular support during the 1820s?

<p>By attacking a perceived privileged group, the Freemasons, who were thought to use their influence for personal gain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary effect of the reduced training requirements for legal and medical professions?

<p>It created more opportunities for women and other unorthodox practitioners to enter the profession. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best encapsulates the main shift from 18th to 19th century politics, described in the text?

<p>The shift was from a system of appointed roles to one of elected positions, expanding popular participation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary sentiment that fueled the attacks on special privilege in the 1820s?

<p>A democratic impulse and a desire to dismantle elitist status, promoting more participation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Universal White Manhood Suffrage

The right for all adult white males to vote, regardless of property ownership or tax payment.

Electoral College

A system where voters select presidential electors, who in turn vote for the president.

Straight-Ticket Paper Ballots

A practice where political parties provide pre-printed ballots to voters.

Colored Ballots

A voting method where each party's ballot is a different color, making it obvious who a person voted for.

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Public Ballot Boxes

A practice where voting occurs in public, allowing onlookers to see who votes for whom.

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Individual Ballot Voting

A voting method where voters choose one candidate from a list of candidates for each office.

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Secret Ballot

A practice where voters choose among candidates on a ballot paper, hiding their choices.

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Residency Requirements

A requirement that citizens live in a particular place for a certain period before they can vote.

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Expansion of Voting Rights

The abolition of property qualifications for voting and officeholding, allowing more people to participate in the political process.

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Political Revolution

A period of significant change in American politics witnessed in the 1820s through the 1840s, marked by broadened suffrage and the rise of a two-party system.

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Panic of 1819

An economic downturn that sparked calls for more political participation and led to changes in voting laws.

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Two-Party System

The rise of organized political parties with clear platforms that competed for votes through campaigns and media.

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Mobilizing Popular Support

The use of various methods to reach voters and gain support, including newspapers, rallies, and speeches.

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Direct Methods of Election

The process of moving from indirect methods of electing representatives, like state legislatures choosing electors, to direct methods where voters have a more direct say.

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Voter Participation

The percentage of eligible voters who participate in an election, which increased dramatically during this period.

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Early American Politics

The period before the political revolution, characterized by limited voting rights and a system controlled by elites.

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Attack on Privilege

The widespread practice of attacking established institutions and privileged groups to win popular support, often by highlighting their perceived corruption or self-interest. This strategy emerged as a key tactic for gaining political power during the rise of democracy in the early 19th century.

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The Rise of Political Machines

The rise of political parties and organized campaigning in the 1820s, fueled by advancements in political tactics like rallies, partisan newspapers, and nominating conventions, which helped create a more competitive and participatory political landscape.

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Shift from Deference to Democracy

The shift from a political system dominated by elites and deference to one where ordinary people played a more active role, evident in the adoption of more accessible language, campaign techniques, and the emphasis on popular appeal.

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Judiciary Becoming More Responsive

The process by which the judiciary became more responsive to the public will, transitioning from appointments by elites to elections by the people.

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Opening Up the Legal Profession

The loosening of restrictions on practicing law, allowing individuals to practice law without formal training or qualifications.

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Free Competition in Medicine

The removal of barriers on practicing medicine, allowing non-traditional practitioners, like herb doctors and women, to operate freely, expanding the accessibility of healthcare.

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The Anti-Masonic Party

A political party formed in the 1820s in response to perceived anti-Masonic conspiracies, highlighting the power of the Freemasons and using it to gain popular support.

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The Freemasons

The Freemasons, a fraternal order active in the 1820s, were seen as a powerful and influential group, allegedly using their influence to enrich themselves and control political and business positions.

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Study Notes

Andrew Jackson: Life in Brief

  • Andrew Jackson, 7th US President, was a powerful figure in American politics between Jefferson and Lincoln.
  • Self-made man, first Westerner to become president.
  • Founded the Democratic Party, transforming the President's role from an administrator to a popular leader.
  • Born in 1767, Waxhaw, South Carolina
  • Involved in the Revolutionary War as a youth.
  • Studied law and moved to Nashville, Tennessee.
  • Married Rachel Donelson Robards in 1794, facing adultery accusations that impacted his later political career.
  • Served as a Tennessee prosecutor, judge, congressman, and senator.
  • Won fame in the War of 1812 with victories against Creek Indians and the British at New Orleans.
  • This made him a celebrated military hero (second only to George Washington ).
  • Served as territorial governor of Florida and later as a senator.
  • Lost the 1824 election in the House of Representatives to John Quincy Adams.
  • Defeated Adams in the 1828 election, campaigning as the "people's man" opposing perceived corruption.
  • Defeated Henry Clay in 1832.

Jackson's Presidency: Key Episodes

  • Nullification Crisis: Jackson faced Southern opposition to protective tariffs, seen as benefiting the North. South Carolina declared a tariff unconstitutional. Jackson upheld federal supremacy and threatened military intervention, a standoff averted by tariff reductions.
  • Bank War: Jackson opposed the Second Bank of the United States, viewing it as unconstitutional and dangerous. He vetoed the re-charter bill in 1832, moving federal deposits to state banks. This sparked a financial panic and Senate censure but ultimately led to the Bank's demise.

Jacksonian Democracy

  • Jackson expanded voting rights, removing property requirements in most states. This significantly increased voter turnout.
  • The rise of two-party systems.
  • Emphasis on the 'common man' and popularity.
  • Attacks on elite institutions and special privileges.
  • Spoils System: Rewarding political supporters with government jobs.
  • Jackson's policies promoted the idea of individual ambition and opportunity.
  • Jackson personally attacked opponents rather than focusing on issues.

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