Andrade's Study on Doodling Analysis
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Questions and Answers

What ethical issue was raised concerning participant consent in Andrade's study?

  • Participants were not allowed to leave the study at any point.
  • Participants were only allowed to doodle in specific shapes.
  • Participants were informed of the true purpose of the study.
  • Participants were deceived about the true purpose of the study. (correct)

What methodological strength related to reliability did Andrade's study demonstrate?

  • All participants completed the study in identical environments. (correct)
  • The study had no control over the participants' distractions.
  • Participants were allowed to choose their own audio message.
  • Participants were free to doodle in any way they preferred.

How did Andrade enhance the validity of the study design with respect to the order of recall?

  • By using a completely random recall order for all participants.
  • By allowing participants to doodle while recalling information.
  • By ensuring the same participants recalled names and places.
  • By counterbalancing the order in which information was recalled. (correct)

What was a methodological weakness regarding the operational definition of doodling in Andrade's study?

<p>Participants used a standardized method that lacked creativity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the surprise test following the monitoring task aim to assess?

<p>Recall of both monitored information and incidental information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a strength of Andrade's telephone message methodology?

<p>The introduction of 'lures' to test participant concentration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue arises from recording misheard words as correct?

<p>It creates a subjective coding system based on assumptions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the generalizability of the findings be questioned?

<p>Females constituted a large portion of the sample. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ecological validity refer to in this study?

<p>The ability to generalize results to everyday situations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation does the controlled setting of the experiment introduce?

<p>It does not accurately reflect everyday listening scenarios. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assumption is made when misheard words are marked as correct?

<p>Incorrect names are actually mishearings rather than false alarms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the lack of ecological validity in Andrade's experiment?

<p>Participants listened to messages in a distraction-free environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might the task in Andrade's study lack relevance to real-life situations?

<p>The study did not account for ambient noise in their analysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'gynocentric' sample imply about Andrade's study?

<p>The sample is heavily weighted towards female participation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does participant distraction affect the study's results?

<p>It may cause them to overlook important details of the message. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethical Issue in Andrade's Study

Andrade's study involved deceiving participants about the true purpose of the experiment, which raised ethical concerns as it prevented informed consent.

Reliability in Andrade's Study

Andrade's study used a highly standardized procedure with all participants experiencing the same conditions, making it easy to replicate and test the findings.

Validity in Andrade's Study: Counterbalancing

To minimize the impact of the recall order (names vs. places) on memory, Andrade used counterbalancing, where half the participants recalled names first, and the other half recalled places first.

Validity in Andrade's Study: Confounding Variable

The study's strict definition of doodling as shading 1 cm shapes could limit generalization, as real-life doodling is more creative and spontaneous.

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Implications of Andrade's Study

The study's findings suggest that doodling can aid concentration and memory, but the strict definition of doodling may limit the generalizability of these findings to real-world doodling behavior.

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Lures in Research

Deliberately including false or irrelevant information to test if participants are paying attention during a study.

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Monitoring Performance Score

A measure of how well participants can focus and pay attention to a task, for example, correctly remembering information from a telephone message.

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Improved Validity

When a study's methods accurately reflect the true concept being measured, making the results more reliable.

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Subjectivity in Research

When the researcher's personal opinions or biases influence the interpretation of results, making them less objective.

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Misheard Words in Research

Incorrectly transcribed words that might be mistakenly counted as correct in a study, leading to inaccurate conclusions.

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Gynocentric Sample

A research study that is heavily skewed towards females, potentially limiting the generalizability of its findings to males.

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Ecological Validity

The extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized to real-world situations.

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Laboratory Experiment

A controlled research setting where researchers can manipulate variables and observe their effects.

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Over-Controlled Setting

A research setting that is too artificial and doesn't reflect the complexity and distractions of everyday life.

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Generalizability of Findings

The extent to which the results of a study can be applied to a broader population.

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Study Notes

Andrade's Study on Doodling

  • Andrade's study investigated whether doodling improves concentration during a boring task.
  • Participants were deceived about the study's true purpose, which may have affected their performance.
  • Participants listened to a pre-recorded message and were asked to recall names and places.
    • Half recalled names first, then places, and the other half did the opposite.
  • This counterbalancing of the order minimized order effects.
  • The highly standardized procedure made the study easily replicable.
  • All participants listened to the same message, in the same room, and had a one-minute interval between monitoring and recall.
  • Doodling was operationally defined.
  • Using "lures" (names of non-participants) improved the validity of the results by ensuring participants actually paid attention to the message.

Ethical Considerations

  • Deception was used in the study.
  • Participants were not fully informed about the study's true purpose which may affect the validity of the results.

Methodological Issues - Reliability

  • Standardised procedure made the study easily replicable.
  • Consistent room, message, and time intervals between tasks increased reliability.

Methodological Issues - Validity

  • Experimental method and design: Counterbalancing the order of recalling names and places improved the validity of the findings.

  • Confounding variables: The operational definition of doodling was standardizing it to 1 cm shapes, which might not represent real-world doodling, affecting the external validity.

  • Use of lures: Names not present in the message served as a control and made the study more valid by ensuring participants listened to the messages and didn't just jot down names.

Methodological Issues – Generalizations and Ecological Validity

  • The study had a high proportion of female participants, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings to male counterparts.
  • The highly controlled laboratory setting could make the results less ecologically valid, as it may not accurately reflect daily situations.

Issues and Debates - Individual/Situational Explanations:

  • The study suggests that situational factors, such as environmental contexts and distractions, may affect concentration.
  • Individual differences in how doodling can affect various cognitive tasks were not sufficiently analyzed.

Applications to Everyday Life

  • The study's findings can inform teachers on how to best support students during lessons..
  • Results suggest that allowing students to doodle can enhance their concentration.

Reflections

  • The study had some limitations like a small sample size and limited analysis of individual differences in cognitive styles.
  • The study indicated that memory and concentration might be improved by allowing doodling.

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Related Documents

Andrade's Doodling Study Evaluation - PDF

Description

This quiz explores Andrade's study on the effects of doodling on concentration. It covers the methodology, ethical considerations, and implications of the findings. Test your understanding of the study's design and outcomes.

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