Ancient Technological Practices in India

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What ancient Indian text describes the production of salt from sea?

Kautilya’s Arthashastra

Which ancient Indian work mentions the preparation of sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and various metal oxides and carbonates?

Charaka Samhita

Who was the Indian scientist known for his work in chemistry, alchemy, and metallurgy?

Nagarjuna

What did the Rasopanishada describe the preparation of?

Gunpowder mixture Signup and view all the answers

According to Sushruta Samhita, what was emphasized as important?

Alkalies Signup and view all the answers

Which book, appearing around 800 CE, deals with the formulation of mercury compounds?

Rsarnavam Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the governmental treaty organization created by a diplomatic treaty known as Metre Convention?

The International System of Units (SI) Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory in New Delhi is responsible for establishing experiments to realize base units and derived units of measurement in India?

National Physical Laboratory (NPL) Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the establishment of a common standard system discussed and agreed upon by the scientific community?

1960 Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Metre Treaty signed in 1875 by member nations?

To agree to change the formal definition of a unit when its measurement accuracy improved substantially Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) in modern industrialized countries like India?

Maintaining standards of measurements Signup and view all the answers

Which country originated the metric system in the late eighteenth century?

France Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula of ethanol?

C2H5OH Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass percentage of carbon in ethanol?

52.14% Signup and view all the answers

In a 100g sample of the compound, how much chlorine is present?

71.65g Signup and view all the answers

What is the ratio of hydrogen to carbon to chlorine in the compound?

2:1:1 Signup and view all the answers

How many moles of carbon are present in the compound?

2.021 moles Signup and view all the answers

What is the molar mass of ethanol?

46.068 g Signup and view all the answers

How is uncertainty in an experimental or calculated value indicated?

By mentioning the number of significant figures. Signup and view all the answers

In the measurement 11.2 mL, which digit is certain and which one is uncertain?

11 is certain, and 2 is uncertain. Signup and view all the answers

According to the rules for determining significant figures, are zeros preceding the first non-zero digit significant?

No, they are not significant. Signup and view all the answers

How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.0052 mL?

Two significant figures. Signup and view all the answers

Are zeros at the end or right of a number significant?

Yes, if they are on the right side of the decimal point. Signup and view all the answers

How many significant figures are in the measurement 2.005 cm?

Four significant figures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the molarity of the solution given that the mass of NaCl in 1 L solution is 175.5 g?

3 mol L^-1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass of water in the solution if the total mass of the 1 L solution is 1250 g?

1074.5 g Signup and view all the answers

Define molality and provide the formula to calculate it.

Molality is the number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of solvent. Molality (m) = No. of moles of solute / Mass of solvent in kg. Signup and view all the answers

What is the molality of the solution if it contains 3 moles of solute in 1.0745 kg of solvent?

2.79 m Signup and view all the answers

What is a stock solution and how is it used in preparing solutions of desired concentrations?

A stock solution is a solution of known higher concentration used to prepare solutions of desired concentrations through dilution. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the molality of a solution not change with temperature?

The molality of a solution does not change with temperature because mass remains unaffected by temperature. Signup and view all the answers