Ancient Rome History and Mythology

Study Notes

Historical Background of Rome

Rome was likely first settled around 1000 BC on Palatine Hill due to its ease of defense.
Over time, the six other hills around Palatine were also settled, and the settlement eventually grew into a city.
The Roman Forum was built as a public area between the hills of Palatine and Capitoline.

Mythical Origins of Rome

Roman mythology claims that Rome was founded in 753 BC by the twins Romulus and Remus.
According to myth, Romulus killed Remus and became the first king of Rome.

Origin of the Name "Rome"

The name "Rome" possibly comes from its founder Romulus.
Another theory suggests that it may have originated from the Etruscan word for the Tiber River, "rumon".

The City of Rome

The city of Rome was the capital city of Ancient Rome, located near the west coast of central Italy.
Today, Rome is the capital of Italy.
At its peak, the city had over 1 million inhabitants during ancient times.
The city was the center of power in the world for over 1000 years.

Landmarks in Rome

The Regia was the residence of the original kings of Rome, later becoming the office of the Pontifex Maximus.
The Comitium was the main meeting place for the Assembly and the center of politics and judicial activity in Rome.
The Temple of Caesar was built to honor Julius Caesar after his death.
The Temple of Saturn was dedicated to the god of agriculture.
The Tabularium was the main records office of Ancient Rome.
The Rostra was a platform where people would make speeches.
The Senate Curia was the meeting place of the Senate.

The Colosseum

Certain classes of people, including former gladiators, actors, and gravediggers, were banned from attending the Colosseum.
The Colosseum had 32 different trap doors underneath the floor.
The first games at the Colosseum lasted for 100 days and included over 3,000 gladiator fights.
The west exit was called the Gate of Death, where dead gladiators were carried out.
The southern side of the Colosseum collapsed during a large earthquake in 847.

Occupations in Ancient Rome

Farmers: Most Romans living in the countryside were farmers, with wheat being the most common crop.
Soldiers: The Roman Army was large and provided a way for the poorer class to earn a regular wage and gain valuable land.
Merchants: Merchants bought and sold items from around the Empire, keeping the economy rich.
Craftsmen: Craftsmen worked in individual shops or large workshops, creating items like dishes, pots, jewelry, and weapons.
Entertainers: Entertainers included musicians, dancers, actors, chariot racers, and gladiators.
Lawyers, Teachers, Engineers: The more educated Romans could become lawyers, teachers, and engineers.
Government: The government of Ancient Rome was huge, with various jobs from tax collectors to high-ranking Senators.

Description

Discover the historical and mythical origins of Rome, from its first settlement on Palatine Hill to the legendary founding by Romulus and Remus. Explore the growth of the city and the development of the Roman Forum.