Ancient Philosophy: Socratic Methods

False (B)

The Guardians are the ruling class, responsible for governing the state with their intellect and wisdom.

<p>appetitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>World of Forms = The realm of perfect, unchanging ideas Appetitive Soul = The part of the soul driven by physical desires Guardians = The ruling class in Plato's ideal society Allegory of the Cave = A story illustrating Plato's theory of knowledge and reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agere</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nasci</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vir = Nature Natura = Man Anima = Soul Agere = To Act Esse = To Be</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actions follow being, meaning what a person does is a direct reflection of their inherent nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to feel pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ultimate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dynamic and evolving process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condensation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thales = Water Anaximenes = Air Heraclitus = Logos (change)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small world or representation of the cosmos in a smaller scale, such as a human being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of peace and prosperity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To expose ignorance and encourage critical thinking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impiety and corrupting the minds of the youth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hemlock</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socratic Method = A process of questioning to uncover inconsistencies and stimulate critical thinking. Apophatic = To understand what something is not. Sophist = A teacher who claimed to have mastery of knowledge. Impiety = Lack of respect or reverence for the gods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He questioned everything and believed that wisdom starts with acknowledging ignorance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasizes the importance of humility and acknowledging the limits of our knowledge. This is a starting point for seeking true wisdom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reason (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>interlocutor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because it allows you to be more receptive to learning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenal world is the world of appearances, while the noumenal world is the world of true reality, which is where the soul resides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Appetite = Desire and basic needs Spirit = Emotion, courage, and honor Reason = Thinking, wisdom, and truth</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are born into their role. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The marble statue analogy illustrates the potential (potentiality) and actualization (actuality) of the human soul. Just as the marble can be shaped into a statue, the soul can be developed through education and training to reach its full potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central sense (A), Common sense (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abstraction is the process by which the intellect forms a mental image from a material object. It involves stripping away the accidents or specific details of the object to arrive at its essence or universal idea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>idea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple apprehension = Forming judgments about the relationship between ideas Judgment = Understanding the essence of a thing Reasoning = Drawing conclusions from premises Will = Faculty of volition, choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulating all the senses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two kinds of freedom are freedom of exercise (the freedom to act or not to act) and freedom of specification (the freedom to choose from different options or courses of action).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>dependent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recall = Aiding in remembering or becoming aware of past events Recognition = Being aware of present objects or situations that were previously experienced</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forming images of objects in the mind (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sentient appetite refers to a natural inclination toward things that are pleasing or beneficial to the senses. It's associated with emotions because it drives us to seek out things that are perceived as enjoyable or advantageous, leading to feelings of pleasure or desire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>present, past</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To recall and recognize past experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Philosophers who sought to understand the universe's fundamental nature.

An ancient philosopher who posited that water is the basic substance of the universe.

The fundamental substance ancient philosophers believed made up everything in the universe.

A philosopher who proposed that air is the fundamental substance of the cosmos.

The process by which air becomes more dense, leading to cold.

The process by which air becomes less dense, resulting in heat.

An influential ancient philosopher known for the idea of Logos and change.

The concept of humans as a small reflection of the larger universe or cosmos.

A principle proposed by Heraclitus explaining the nature of change and existence.

Idea generation flourished in ancient Greece due to prosperity and peace.

According to Plato, the soul consists of the rational, spirited, and appetitive parts.

The highest part of the soul located in the head, allowing for reasoning and logic.

Located in the chest, this part relates to assertiveness, honor, and courage.

The base part of the soul located in the belly, concerning desires and basic needs.

A role in society requiring rational control over emotions and desires.

The ideal rulers in Plato's vision, they govern using reason for the common good.

Plato's idea that human essence involves a division between body (physical) and soul (metaphysical).

The philosophical division between the body (material world) and the soul (spiritual world).

The intrinsic qualities and characteristics that define humans.

Latin for 'soul', representing the life force in humans.

The capability of a fertilized egg to develop into a human.

Common physical experiences shared by all humans.

A Latin phrase meaning 'action follows being'.

Refers to the physical aspects of being human.

Vir refers to 'man' while virtue indicates the quality of being a good man.

Latin for 'nature', which refers to the essence of an entity.

Latin for 'to be born', indicating the start of human life.

The fundamental way an entity functions inherent to its nature.

A form of cooperative argumentative dialogue stimulating critical thinking and illuminating ideas.

Understanding something by grasping what it is not; a negative way of defining knowledge.

Acknowledging one's own lack of knowledge is the first step to gaining wisdom.

Traveling teachers claiming to be masters of knowledge, often viewed as frauds by Socrates.

A system of governance in Athens focused on collective decision-making and public discourse.

Socrates was charged with impiety and corrupting the youth, leading to his death sentence.

Feigning ignorance to expose the ignorance or inconsistency of others.

Socrates believed true wisdom comes from knowing one's own ignorance.

Socrates posited that man is the ultimate judge of what is true.

Discourse aimed at examining beliefs and fostering understanding through questioning.

A story by Plato illustrating the difference between illusion and reality.

Illusions that people see in Plato's cave; they represent false perceptions.

The true forms that cause the shadows; represent perfect concepts.

Part of the soul responsible for basic needs and desires.

The class tasked with protecting the state in Plato's ideal society.

Understanding the true forms leads to a better life.

Philosopher Augustine adapted Plato's ideas into Christian theology.

Nothing is in the mind unless it first passes through the senses.

The five human senses are touch, taste, sight, hearing, and smell.

The internal sense that receives and relates different sensations.

The sense that forms images of objects in the mind without concrete reference.

Simple apprehension, judgment, and reasoning are the three operations of intellect.

The faculty of choosing, inclining towards good or away from evil.

The will requires the intellect to make choices; it cannot act independently.

Ability to act or refrain from acting, to do or not do.

The freedom to choose among different options or courses of action.

The material cognitive faculty dependent on bodily organs.

A tendency toward good and away from evil based on sensory experiences.

Sentient appetites that reflect responses to sensation and experiences.

The immediate awareness of an object or concept without judgment.

The act of determining whether something is true or false.

The mental process of deriving conclusions and making inferences.